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Definition
| a ductless gland that secretes hormones directly into the blood stream, the hormones are then carried throughout the body where they bind to a target organ cell with specific receptors triggering a reaction. |
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Definition
| a chemical substance that is produced by an endocrine gland then secreted directly into the blood stream and carried throughout the body where they bind to a target organ cell with specific receptors triggering a reaction. |
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Definition
| secretes its product via a duct onto laminal surface. |
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Definition
| cell having a specific receptor that with a specific hormone, antigen, antibody, antibiotic, sensitized T cell, or other substances. |
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Definition
| any of several classes of intracellular signals acting at or situated within the plasma membrane and translating electrical or chemical messages from the environment into the cellular responses. |
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| form of hormonal signaling in which a cell secreted a hormone, or chemical messenger, called the autocrine agent, that binds to autocrine receptors. |
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Definition
| type of hormone function in which a hormone synthesized in and released from endocrine cells binds to its receptor in nearby cells and affects their function. These hormones are not released into the bloodstream but into the surrounding tissues and act in the immediate vicinity. |
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Definition
| signaling in which endocrine cells release hormones that act on distant target cells |
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Definition
| a chemical substance that is produced and secreted into the blood by an organ or tissue, and has a specific effect on target tissue. |
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Term
Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone
(GnRH) |
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Definition
| peptide hormone that stimulates the release of the follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and leutinizing hormone (LH) from the anterior pituitary |
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Term
Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone
(TRH) |
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Definition
| hormone that stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and prolactin from the anterior pituitary |
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Corticotropin Releasing Hormone
(CRH) |
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Definition
| hormone and neurotransmitter involved in the stress release. Stimulates the pituitary gland to secrete adrenocorticotropin (ATCH) |
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Prolactin Inhibiting Hormone
(PIH) |
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Definition
| hotmone that inhibits prolactin production. Targets the anterior pituitary to inhibit milk production at the mammary gland. |
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Prolactin Releasing Hormone
(PRH) |
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Definition
| Stimulates prolactin production |
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Term
Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone Inhibitin Factor
(MIF) |
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Definition
| Inhibits melanocytes stimulating hormone (MSH) production |
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Term
Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone Releasing Factor
(MRF) |
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Definition
| Influences melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH) production. Melanin formation and deposition in the body and causing color changes in the skin |
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Term
Growth Hormone Inhibiting Hormone
(GHIH) |
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Definition
| also called somatostatin (()-hormone that inhibits the secretion of the Human Growth Hormone (hGH) from somatotops cell in the anterior pituitary |
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Term
growth Hormone Releaseing Hormone
(GHRH) |
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Definition
| also called Somatocrinin-Hormones that stimulates Human Growth Hormone (hGH) secretion from the anterior pituitary |
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Term
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Definition
Pea-sized structure attached to the bottom of the hypothalamus. Divided into two lobes, anterior and posterior.
Secreted hormones regulating homeostasis, incluting hormones that stimulate other endocrine glands. |
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Definition
Located beneath the thalamus and just above the brain stem
recieved input from other region of the brain, internal organs, and the visual system
controls body temperature, hunger, thirs, fatigue, anger, circadian cycles, and intandem with the autonomic nervous system helps control sexual behavior and defensive reactions such as fear and rage. |
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Term
Follicle Stimulating Hormone
(FSH) |
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Definition
| Hormone that regulates the decelopment, growth, onset of puberty, and reproductive processes of the human body. |
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Definition
| Hormone that is the essential for reproduction. |
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Definition
| Hormone which primarily associated with lactation. |
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Term
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone
(TSH) |
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Definition
| Hormone which regulates the endocrine function of the thyroid gland. |
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Term
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone
(ACTH) |
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Definition
| Hormone that stimulates te cortex of the adrenal gland and boosts the synthesis of cortosteroids and sex steroids. ACTH is also related to the circdian rythm in many organisms. |
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Term
Human Growth Hormone
(hGH) |
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Definition
| Hormone that stimulates growth and cell reproduction in humans. |
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Term
| Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone (MSN) |
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Definition
| Hormone that stimulates the production and release of melanin in the skin and hair. When released into the brain, has an opposite effect on appetite and sexual arousal. |
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Definition
| abnormally rate of skeletal growth in childhood |
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Definition
| a condition in which the cartilage continues to new bones during adulthood |
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Definition
an extention of the nerve tissue od the hypothalamus.
its hormones are first synthesized by the hypothalamus then stored and secred and released into the bloodstream when needed. |
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Definition
| controlled through the negative feedback mechanism for the target gland hormones as well as hypothalamic releasing and inhibiting hormones. |
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Definition
| Peptide hormone that binds to the uterine smooth muscle which then stimulates contractions of the uterus. |
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Term
Anti-Diuretic Hormone (ADH)
Vasopressin |
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Definition
| Controls the reabsorption of water by the distal tubules of the kidneys and regulates the osmotic content of blood. |
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Definition
| outer portion of the adrenal gland |
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Definition
| inner portion of the adrenal gland |
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Definition
| produces mineralocorticoids, the main hormone in aldosterone |
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Definition
| produces glucocorticodis, the main hormone is cortisol |
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Definition
| produces gonadocortoids, the main hormones are dehydroepiandrasterone (DHEA), androgens, estrogen, and testosterone |
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Definition
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Definition
| steroid hormones that primarily regulate sodium homeostasis. |
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Definition
| group of steroid hormones that help regulate blood glucose homeostasis |
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Term
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Definition
| steroid hormones that include the androgens and estrogen |
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Definition
| a bi-lobed butterfly shaped gland located in the front and sides of the trachea below the larynx. |
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Definition
| band of thyroid tissue connecting the right and left thyroid glands |
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Term
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Definition
| an autoimmune disease in which the immune system system fails to recognize the thyroid gland as a part of its own body's own tissue and attacks it as if it were a foreign body. This impairs thyroid function and sometimes destroys the gland. |
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Term
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Definition
| Congenial defect in newborns that lack a properly thyroid gland. Characterized by a low BMR, very slow growth and sexual development and mental retardation. |
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Definition
| condition characterized by decreased metabolic rate which causes mental slowness, dry skin, hair loss, thickened edematous (swollen) skin, enlarged tongue, slowed speech and yellow dullness of skin. Weight gain is common and is the result of accumulation of adipose tissue and fluid. This can develop in older children or adults. |
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Definition
| most common type of primary hyperthyroidism |
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Definition
| supporting cells of the seminiferous tubules |
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Definition
| hormone secreted by the sertoli cells that inhibits the secretion of Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) from the anterior pituitary gland. |
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Term
Follicle Stimulating Hormone
(FSH) |
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Definition
| Stimulates the testes to produce sperm |
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Definition
| stimulates interstitial cells in the testes to develop and produce testosterone |
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Definition
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Definition
| absence of normal menstruation |
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Term
| Laboratory tests for diagnosing Adrenal Cortex Disorders |
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Definition
| Plasma Cortisol, Basal ACTH, Cortisol 24-hour urine, and ACTH stimulation test |
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Term
| Laboratory tests for diagnosing Adrenal Medulla Disorders |
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Definition
| Plasma epinephrine, norephinephrine, and dopamine levels. Urine 24-hour, ephinephrine, norephinephrine, dopamine, metanephrine, and vanillylmandic acid (VMA) levels |
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Term
| Most sensitive test for hypothyroydism |
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Definition
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone
(TSH) |
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Term
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Definition
Measures the concentration og Throxine in the serum.
Can rule out Hypo- and hyper-thyroidism. |
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Term
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Definition
| Useful in the diagnosis of hyper- but not hypo-thyroidism. |
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Term
| FT3: Free triiodothyronine |
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Definition
| test that measures the circulating T3 that exists in the free state in the blood (unound to protein) |
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Term
| TBG: Thyroxine Binding Globulin assays |
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Definition
| Distinguishes between hyperthyroidism causing elevated T4 and euthyroid (normal) patients with increased T4-binding by TBG |
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