Term
| What is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the initial tx of choice in thyroid storm? |
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Definition
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Term
| Hyperthyroidism medicine for use in pregnant women? |
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Definition
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Term
| The most common form of thyroid cancer is? |
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Definition
| Papillary carcinoma (least aggressive) |
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Term
| Way to diagnose thyroid cancer? |
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Definition
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Term
| Main diagnostic difference b/w Graves' dz and subacute thyroiditis? (Hint: both conditions have increased release of thyroid hormone) |
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Definition
| In Graves' dz the radioactive iodine uptake is elevated (showing increased thyroid activity) whereas in subacute thyroiditis it is normal or even decreased |
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Term
| What is the most common nerve injury during subtotal thyroidectomy? & what clinical symptom will this result in? |
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Definition
| The recurrent laryngeal nerve; hoarseness |
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Term
| What are 2 common electrolyte disturbances in primary adrenal insufficiency? |
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Definition
| hyponatremia & hyperkalemia |
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Term
| alcoholics are typically deficient in what nutrient? & what disorder can this cause? |
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Definition
| thiamine; wernicke's encephalopathy |
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Term
| Klinefelter syndrome, or XXY syndrome, presents with what clinical symptoms? |
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Definition
| It affects males with gynecomastia & underdeveloped testes |
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Term
| Which hormone inhibits GH secretion from the pituitary? |
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Definition
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Term
| hypotension, salt-craving, bronzing of the skin, lethargy, & abdominal pain are all s/sx of what endocrine disorder? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the most common PE finding w/ Graves' dz? |
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Definition
| diffuse thyroid gland enlargement |
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Term
| In adrenal insufficiency, how much should the baseline synthetic cortisone dosage be increased (for minor v. major illness?) |
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Definition
Minor (e.g. cold): double the dose
Major (e.g. surgery): 5-10X the dose |
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Term
| Laboratory analysis difference b/w DKA & hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state? |
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Definition
| Both have extreme hyperglycemia, but the hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state has normal to alkaline pH & neg ketones |
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Term
| A pituitary tumor can present with which neurological complication involving the eyes? |
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Definition
| Bitemporal hemianopsia (due to compression on the optic chiasm) |
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Term
| In a pt w/ diabetes, what is the goal BP? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the LDL goal in a pt w/ diabetes & CHD? What if diabetes w/o CHD? |
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Definition
W/ CHD: LDL <70 mg/dL
W/O CHD: LDL <100mg/dL |
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Term
| Thyroid cancer is permanently tx by: |
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Definition
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Term
| Graves' dz is permanently tx by: |
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Definition
| Radioactive iodine (if not pregnant) |
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Term
| Subacute thyroiditis is tx w/: |
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Definition
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Term
| A newborn presents w/ prolonged jaundice, feeding problems, hypotonia, & an enlarged tongue. What does this indicate? |
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Definition
| Congenital hypothyroidism |
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Term
| Which diabetic medication delays glucose absorption from the GI tract? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which diabetic medication decreases hepatic glucose production & increases glucose utilization? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which diabetic medication works by increasing insulin secretion? |
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Definition
| Glipizide (sulfonylureas) |
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Term
| Which diabetic medication decreases insulin resistance? |
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Definition
| Pioglitazone(actos) - [Thiazolidnediones] |
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Term
| Aldosterone causes reabsorption of _____ & _____, and excretion of ______. |
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Definition
| Reabsorption of sodium & water. Excretion of potassium |
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Term
| Trousseau's sign & Chvostek's sign: |
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Definition
| Both for hypocalcemia; Trousseau's sign: Inflation of BP cuff will cause carpal spasm. Chvostek's sign: Tapping on the facial nerve near the ear produces spasm of facial muscles |
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Term
| What medicine is used to tx the acute phase of adrenal crisis? |
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Definition
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Term
| If both TSH & Free T4 are low, what does this indicate? |
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Definition
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Term
| Symptoms of hypercalcemia: |
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Definition
| N/V, abdominal pain, constipation, depressed DTR's |
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Term
| Describe the Somogyi effect: |
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Definition
| The Somogyi effect is caused by nighttime hypoglycemia, that results in a rebound hyperglycemia in the early morning hours. It is associated w/ night sweats & nightmares. |
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Term
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Definition
| Dopamine agonist (used to tx prolactinoma's) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Easy bruising, central obesity, & glucose intolerance are all classic s/sx of what condition? |
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Definition
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