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Endocrinology
Pance Board Review
35
Other
Graduate
02/21/2011

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Cards

Term
What is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism?
Definition
Graves' dz
Term
What is the initial tx of choice in thyroid storm?
Definition
Beta Blockers & PTU
Term
Hyperthyroidism medicine for use in pregnant women?
Definition
PTU (Propylthiouracil)
Term
The most common form of thyroid cancer is?
Definition
Papillary carcinoma (least aggressive)
Term
Way to diagnose thyroid cancer?
Definition
Fine-needle biopsy
Term
Main diagnostic difference b/w Graves' dz and subacute thyroiditis? (Hint: both conditions have increased release of thyroid hormone)
Definition
In Graves' dz the radioactive iodine uptake is elevated (showing increased thyroid activity) whereas in subacute thyroiditis it is normal or even decreased
Term
What is the most common nerve injury during subtotal thyroidectomy? & what clinical symptom will this result in?
Definition
The recurrent laryngeal nerve; hoarseness
Term
What are 2 common electrolyte disturbances in primary adrenal insufficiency?
Definition
hyponatremia & hyperkalemia
Term
alcoholics are typically deficient in what nutrient? & what disorder can this cause?
Definition
thiamine; wernicke's encephalopathy
Term
Klinefelter syndrome, or XXY syndrome, presents with what clinical symptoms?
Definition
It affects males with gynecomastia & underdeveloped testes
Term
Which hormone inhibits GH secretion from the pituitary?
Definition
Somatostatin
Term
hypotension, salt-craving, bronzing of the skin, lethargy, & abdominal pain are all s/sx of what endocrine disorder?
Definition
Addison's dz
Term
What is the most common PE finding w/ Graves' dz?
Definition
diffuse thyroid gland enlargement
Term
In adrenal insufficiency, how much should the baseline synthetic cortisone dosage be increased (for minor v. major illness?)
Definition
Minor (e.g. cold): double the dose
Major (e.g. surgery): 5-10X the dose
Term
Laboratory analysis difference b/w DKA & hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state?
Definition
Both have extreme hyperglycemia, but the hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state has normal to alkaline pH & neg ketones
Term
A pituitary tumor can present with which neurological complication involving the eyes?
Definition
Bitemporal hemianopsia (due to compression on the optic chiasm)
Term
In a pt w/ diabetes, what is the goal BP?
Definition
< 140/90 mmHg
Term
What is the LDL goal in a pt w/ diabetes & CHD? What if diabetes w/o CHD?
Definition
W/ CHD: LDL <70 mg/dL
W/O CHD: LDL <100mg/dL
Term
Thyroid cancer is permanently tx by:
Definition
Thyroidectomy
Term
Graves' dz is permanently tx by:
Definition
Radioactive iodine (if not pregnant)
Term
Subacute thyroiditis is tx w/:
Definition
Aspirin
Term
A newborn presents w/ prolonged jaundice, feeding problems, hypotonia, & an enlarged tongue. What does this indicate?
Definition
Congenital hypothyroidism
Term
Which diabetic medication delays glucose absorption from the GI tract?
Definition
Acarbose
Term
Which diabetic medication decreases hepatic glucose production & increases glucose utilization?
Definition
Metformin
Term
Which diabetic medication works by increasing insulin secretion?
Definition
Glipizide (sulfonylureas)
Term
Which diabetic medication decreases insulin resistance?
Definition
Pioglitazone(actos) - [Thiazolidnediones]
Term
Aldosterone causes reabsorption of _____ & _____, and excretion of ______.
Definition
Reabsorption of sodium & water. Excretion of potassium
Term
Trousseau's sign & Chvostek's sign:
Definition
Both for hypocalcemia; Trousseau's sign: Inflation of BP cuff will cause carpal spasm. Chvostek's sign: Tapping on the facial nerve near the ear produces spasm of facial muscles
Term
What medicine is used to tx the acute phase of adrenal crisis?
Definition
Hydrocortisone
Term
If both TSH & Free T4 are low, what does this indicate?
Definition
Hypopituitarism
Term
Symptoms of hypercalcemia:
Definition
N/V, abdominal pain, constipation, depressed DTR's
Term
Describe the Somogyi effect:
Definition
The Somogyi effect is caused by nighttime hypoglycemia, that results in a rebound hyperglycemia in the early morning hours. It is associated w/ night sweats & nightmares.
Term
Bromocriptine is a:
Definition
Dopamine agonist (used to tx prolactinoma's)
Term
Somatostatin inhibits?
Definition
Growth hormone
Term
Easy bruising, central obesity, & glucose intolerance are all classic s/sx of what condition?
Definition
Cushing's dz
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