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| An increase in the size of an organ to compensate functionally for the activity of the other lost organ. |
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| greek “I arouse to activity” or “I excite” |
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| the study of the ductless glands or tissues and their hormonal products |
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| Comparative endocrinology |
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Definition
| information obtained in basic endocrine research with animals, cell and tissues derived from animals has lead to a great majority of clinical advances in human endocrinology. |
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| composed of a prominent mass (parenchyma) of secretory cells, innervated by connective tissue, blood vessels and nerves |
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| secrete into ducts leading into the lumen of other organs, or outside the animal |
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| the source of a large number of hormones- originally thought to be the master gland |
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| any substance produced by a cell of endogenous or exogenous origin that plays a physiological role in the control of the activity of another cell |
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| a neurochemical that acts transynaptically. |
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| uses the general circulation or specialized vascular system, to regulate another cell. |
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| a hormone produced by a nerve cell –GHRH |
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Definition
| can be a neurohormone or neurotransmitter that is peptidergic (more that one amino acid) |
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| Non-peptidergic neurotransmitter |
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Definition
| any non-peptidergic neurotransmitter: acetylcholine, histamine, norepinephrine, dopamine, serotonin |
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Definition
a neurochemical that modulates the response of a neuron to a neurotransmitter or hormone, also
exert slower more sustained actions on neurons and enhance or inhibit the response of neurons to neurotransmitters |
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| mitogenic peptides, act locally EGF,NGF,IGF-I |
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| chemical messengers released to the exterior of one animal to stimulate a response in another member of the same species |
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| chemical messengers released into the lumen of the gastrointestinal tract- gastrin |
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| cellular mitotic inhibitors |
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| (SST)- released from neurons in the brain and pituitary to regulate the release of growth hormone (GH) |
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Definition
| hormones comprised of amino acids- can be as few as 3 (TRH) and as many as 180 or more |
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| derived from the precursor amino acid tyrosine and requires iodine |
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| all produced from a common precursor, cholesterol, by steroidogenic cells of the adrenal cortex and gonads. |
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| are enzymatically modified amino acids synthesized by neurons and usually released into the synaptic cleft |
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Definition
| can function as neurohormones, neurotransmitters and neuromodulators |
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Definition
| a number of peptides of diverse origin possessing cellular growth-regulating activity- act locally |
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| are a class or hormones that are fatty acid derivatives |
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| synthesized from arachidonic acid within the membranes of cells |
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| are hormones that is released from one animal that causes a relatively specific behavior modification in a recipient animal following chemoreception. |
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Definition
| can act to stimulate the release of hormones –Ca, glucose, arginine, glutamate |
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Definition
| are not synthesized through the expression of specific genes, they all come from cholesterol which is primarily available from fats ingested in the diet. |
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Definition
| synthesized in follicular cells of the thyroid and require thyroglobulin, iodine to produce T3 and T4 |
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| Hormone secretion can be ______ or ______ |
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Definition
| regulated or constitutive |
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Definition
| hormone containing granules are stored within the cell and can be rapidly released by a Ca-dependent exocytosis |
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Definition
| steroid and thyroid hormones are minimally stored in fat droplets in a cell and the rate of release is based on the rate of synthesis |
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| Secretion of one hormone is often controlled by _________ |
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| a hormone that releases another hormone |
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| Ethanol effects on star is _______ |
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Definition
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| Lead Effects on Star is ________ |
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| released from a cell into the blood |
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| released from neuron into blood |
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| release from a cell into the extracellular space and acts of cells around it |
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| released from a neuron and acts on another neuron |
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| release from a cell and acts on itself |
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| Half-life of a peptide hormone |
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Definition
| the amount of time required for half the molecules to become inactivated or cleared from the circulation |
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Definition
| are enzymes located in cell membranes of tissue fluid that will breakdown hormones when they are secreted |
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| Steroid and Thyroid hormones are bound to ___________ |
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Definition
| plasma proteins (globulins) - which enhances their half-life |
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| Adrenal catecholamines are _________ __________ in the ______ |
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Definition
| enzymatically inactivated, liver |
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| Neurotransmitters are either taken back into the _______ neuron or enzymatically ________ in the ______. |
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Definition
| presynaptic, inactivated, brain |
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Term
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Definition
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone
Raises FSH and LH secretion |
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Definition
Thyrotropin-releasing hormone
raises TSH secretion |
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Definition
Corticotropin-releasing hormone
raises ACTH secretion |
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Definition
Dopamine
lowers Prolactin secretion |
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Definition
Melanocyte-stimulating hormone release inhibiting factor
lowers MSH secretion |
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Somatostatin
lowers GH secretion |
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growth hormone-releasing hormone
lowers GH secretion |
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Definition
oxytocin
raises milk secretion; uterine contraction |
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In Pituitary gland
AVP ADH |
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Definition
arginine vasopressin antidiuretic hormone
raises renal water absorption;vasoconstriction |
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Definition
melanin-concentrating hormone
raises melanosome aggregation (teleost fishes) |
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Definition
melanocyte-stimulating hormone
raises Integumental melanogenesis; melanosome dispersion |
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Definition
Follicle-stimulating hormone (follitropin)
raises female: ovarian follicle growth;estradiol synthesis
raises male: spermatogenesis |
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Luteinizing hormone (lutropin)
raises female: ovulation; ovarian estradiol and progesterone synthesis
raises male: testicular androgen synthesis |
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Definition
prolactin
Raises milk synthesis; corpus luteum progesterone synthesis in some species |
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Thyrotropin (thyroid-stimulating hormone)
raises thyroid hormone (T4 and T3) synthesis secretion |
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Definition
adrenocorticotropin (adrenal cortical stimulating hormone)
raises adrenal steroidgenesis |
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growth hormone
raises hepatic somatomedin (IGF-I,II) biosynthesis |
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Term
| receptor is the source of ______ |
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Definition
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