Term
| What is the blood supply of the Adrenal gland? |
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Definition
| Inferior phrenic artery, renal arteries, aorta. Renal vein drains directly posterior aspect of inferior vena cava. Left adrenal vein enters left renal vein. |
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Term
| What are the 3 layers of the adrenal cortex? |
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Definition
| From exterior to interior. Glomerulosa, Fasciculata, Reticulata. Good effin' Ridince |
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Term
| What is the main function of Zona glomerulosa? |
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Definition
| It secretes Aldosterone (mineralocorticoids) that stimulates Na+ reabsorption in the distal and collecting tubules; best known hormonal system involved in regulation of Na+. |
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Term
| What is Conn's syndrome an what causes it? |
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Definition
| Caused by aldosterone-secreting tumor. Aldosteronism is due to an adrenal carcinoma. twice as common in women in men. |
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Term
| What are the clinical signs and symptoms of Conn's Syndrome? |
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Definition
| High blood pressure, hypokalemia, headache, tiredness, muscle weakness, paresthesia, tetany. |
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Term
| What effect does aldosteronism have on potassium levels in the body? |
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Definition
| It will secrete K+ out into the urine. |
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Term
| How is Conn's syndrome diagnosed? |
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Definition
| By measuring renin and aldosterone and the ratio is diagnosed. Renin is suppressed and very low renin-to-aldosterone ration (<0.05). |
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Term
| How is Conn's syndrome treated? |
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Definition
| Removal of the aldosterone-secreting tumor (laparoscopic). Dietary restrictionb an administration of an aldosterone antagonist. |
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Term
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Definition
| production rate of aldosterone is often higher in patients with secondary aldosteronism than in those with primary aldosteronism. |
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Term
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Definition
| refers to decreased levels of the hormone aldosterone. |
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Term
| What some common causes of Hypoaldosteronism? |
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Definition
| 1.Hyporeninemic Hypoaldosteronism 2. Primary Adrenal Insufficiency, an adrenal enzyme defect. 3. Pseudohypoaldosteronism. rare genetci disorder of aldosterone resistance, autosomal recessive form of which is due to a mutation in collecting tubule sodium channel gene. |
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Term
| What are some clinical manifestations of Hypoaldosteronism? |
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Definition
| Hyperkalemia, metabolic acidosis, attributed to a reduction in renin secretion. |
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Term
| What is the proper treatment of hypoaldosteronism? |
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Definition
| severe mineralocorticoid insufficiency with significant hyperkalemia and metabolic acidosis can be managed with Florine/fludrocortisone. It is very important for patients to be educated about avoiding drugs that may aggravate the syndrome, such as ACE inhibitors, prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors, beta blockers, and potassium-sparing diuretics. |
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Term
| What are the effects of mineralocorticoids? |
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Definition
| They are major regulators of extracellular fluid volume and are the major determinants of potassium metabolism. |
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Term
| Where do mineralocorticoids bind to the nephron? |
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Definition
| They bind to the renal cortical collecting duct and the distal convoluted tubule. |
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Term
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Definition
| caused by aldosterone-secreting tumor. due to an adrenal carcinoma. |
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Term
| What are the most common signs and symptoms of Conn's Syndrome? |
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Definition
| high blood pressure, hypokalemia, headache, tiredness, muscle weakness, paresthesia, tetany |
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Term
| What is the most effective way to diagnose Conn's syndrome? |
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Definition
| Both renin and aldosterone are measured and ration is diagnostic.If the renin/aldosterone ratio is extremely low <.05 then this bad. |
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Term
| What is the most effective treatment of aldosterone-secreting tumor? |
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Definition
| Removal of the aldosterone-secreting tumor. dietary sodium restriction and administration of an aldosterone antagonist spironolactone. |
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Term
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Definition
| This is an aldosterone antagonist that helps in the treatment of an aldosterone secreting tumor in conn's syndrome |
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Term
| What is the most usual cause of secondary hyperaldosteronism? |
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Definition
| It is a renin producing tumor that leads to a large production of aldosterone. |
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Term
| What are the primary causes of hypoaldosteronism? |
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Definition
| 1. Hyporeninemic hypoaldosteronism 2. primary adrenal insufficiency 3. Psudohypoaldosteronism |
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Term
| What are the clinical manifestations of Hypoaldosteronism? |
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Definition
| Hyperkalemia and metabolic acidosis, attributed to a reduction in renin secretion. |
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