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Endocrinology Female Reproduct
Endocrinology Female Reproduct
46
Science
Undergraduate 4
04/21/2009

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Term
What sex hormones are mainly produced by females?
Definition
estrogen, progesterone
Term
What sex hormones are primarily produced by males
Definition
Androgen and Testosterone
Term
What produces gonadotropin-releasing hormone?
Definition
hypothalamus
Term
What hormones are released in response to GnRH?
Definition
FSH and LH
Term
What are the three estrogens?
Definition
Estradiol, Estriol, Estrone
Term
What functions do estrogens do?
Definition
Stimulate growth of the ovaries and begin preparing the uterus for pregnancy.
Term
Breast, pelvic development, distribution of fat and muscle are controlled by what?
Definition
Estrogens.
Term
What does progesterone do during pregnancy?
Definition
maintains uterine conditions during pregnancy.
Term
FSH stimulates growth of what?
Definition
Ovarian body called graafian follicle, which encloses the egg
Term
What hormones aids in the rupture of the follicle sending the egg into the fallopian tubes?
Definition
LH
Term
What hormone promotes growth of the corpus luteum?
Definition
LH
Term
What is the term used for shedding the uterine lining and blood supply?
Definition
Happy fun time
Term
What hormone is produced by the ovary for the first half of the menstrual cycle?
Definition
Estrogen
Term
What hormone is produced in the latter half of the menstrual cycle?
Definition
Progesterone
Term
What are the three hormones produced by the ovaries?
Definition
Estrogen, Progesterone, Testosterone.
Term
What is the small blister like structure that forms around an egg cell?
Definition
follicle
Term
What does the corpus luteum develop from?
Definition
From the remains of the follicle that released the egg. Only structure that produces progesterone in significant quantities.
Term
What happens to the cells that form the lining of the follicle?
Definition
proliferate and develop yellowish color and produce progesterone and estrogen
Term
What does progesterone do for the uterus?
Definition
It prepares the endometrium for pregnancy.
Term
What happens to the corpus luteum if pregnancy does not occur?
Definition
It dies and scar tissue remains known as corpus albicans. Corpus luteum functions independently from the body.
Term
Follicular phase
Definition
first part of menstrual cycle, where one or more follicles start to develop into mature female gamete. Follicle cells surround oocyte and produce hormones that trigger other responses.
Term
Ovulatory phase
Definition
oocyte released from ovary and passes down the fallopian tube and towards the uterus.
Term
Luteal phase
Definition
most of the follicle cells remain in the ovary after ovulation. continue to develop and form corpus luteum.
Term
FSH target organ and function
Definition
Ovary, stimulates growth and development of follicle stimulates secrtion of estrogen.
Term
Estrogen target organ and function
Definition
endometrium. stimulates repair uterine lining. at high conc. inhibits FSH, however during pituitary hormone surge it stimulates further FSH production. As conc. peaks stimulates release of LH.
Term
Luteinizing Hormone target organ and function
Definition
Ovary, stimulates the final development of the follicle, stimulates ovulation, stimulates the development of the corpus luteum, stimulates production of progesterone
Term
Progesteron Target organ and function
Definition
Uterus, inhibits FSH, and LH, fall in concetration results in menstruation, fall in conc. removes inhibition of FSH and a new cycle begins.
Term
Action of Estrogen
Definition
1. - and + on FSH and LH 2. Maturation and maintenance of fallopian tubes, uterus, cervix, vagina. 3.Secondary Sex Characteristics at puberty 4. Development of Breasts 5. Proliferation and development of granulose cells 6. maintains pregnancy 7.lowers uterine threshold to contractile stimuli during pregnancy. 8. prolactin secretion
Term
Actions of Progesterone
Definition
1.- on FSH and LH 2. maintains secretory activity of uterus during luteal phase 3. maintains pregnancy 4.raises uterine threshold to contractile stimuli 5.responsible for development of breasts.
Term
Pregnancy
Definition
characterized by steadily increasing levels of estrogen and progesterone which maintain endometrium for fetus, suppress ovarian follicular function and stimulate development of breasts
Term
What hormone rescues corpus luteum from regression if fertilization occurs?
Definition
Human Chorionic Gonadotropin which is produced by the placenta.
Term
First Trimester progesterone production
Definition
corpus luteum responsible for productino of estradiol and progesterone. peak levels occur at gestational week nine and decline
Term
Second and Third Trimester Progesterone Production
Definition
progesterone is produced by placenta. estrogens are produced by interplay of fetal adrenal gland and placenta.
Term
What is the major placental estrogen?
Definition
Estriol
Term
Human placental Lactogen
Definition
growth hormone-like and prolactin-like effects is produced throughout pregnancy.
Term
Functional Ovarian Cysts
Definition
collection of fluid within the ovary that are part of the normal process of menstruation.
Term
Ovarian Cyst
Definition
any ovarian follicle that is larger than about 2 centimeters is termed an ovarian cyst.
Term
Graafian Follicles
Definition
which may rupture at mid-cycle and cause mittelschmerz
Term
Corpus Luteum cysts
Definition
may rupture about the time of menstruatio and take up to three monts to disappear entirely.
Term
What are the signs and symptoms of Ovarian cysts?
Definition
dull pain in lower abdomen or discomfort, fullness bloating, pain during sex, masturbation or exercise, irregular period or spotting, change in frequency of urinatino or difficulty with bowel movements due to pressure on adjacent pelvic anatomy, fatigue, increased testosterone or hair growth, death at young age if not treated.
Term
Treatment of Ovarian Cysts
Definition
95% of ovarian cysts are benign; those that persist beyond two or three menstrual cycles or post-menopausal women may be serious and should be investigated. Surgical biopsy. Elevated CA-125. Tumore marker, which is often found in increased levels in ovarian cancer, although it can also be elevated byother conditions resulting in a large number of false positives.
Term
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (Stein-Leventhal Syndrome)
Definition
most common hormonal disorder among women of reproductive age. leading cause of infertility
Term
Signs and Symptoms of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Definition
Oligomenorrhea, amenorrhea. irregular, few, or absent menstrual periods; heavy bleeding, infertility, elevated androgen serum level, androstenedione, DHEAS, hirsutism, central obesity, acne, oily skin, seborrhea.
Term
Ovarian Cancer Etiology
Definition
(unkown cause). more children, lower risk. Early first pregnancy, old rinal pregnancy, oral contraceptive. reduced with tubal ligation. BRCA1, BRCA2
Term
Signs and Symptoms of Ovarian Cancer
Definition
sens of pelvic heaviness, vaginal bleeding, weight gain or weight loss, abnormal menstraul cycles, unexplained back pain, increased abdominal girth, vague lower abdominal discomfort, increased gas, indigestion, lack of appetite, nausea and vomiting, inability ot ingest usual volumes of food, increased urinary frequency/urgency
Term
What is the treatment of Ovarian Cancer?
Definition
Surgery is preferred and used for diagnosis. Chemotherapy treat residual disease. Systemic chemotherapy including platinum derivative with a taxane as preferred mehtod of treating advanced ovarian cancer. Radiation not effective for advanced stages because a high dose can not be delivered because vital organs are in the radiation field.
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