Term
| cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene nucleus |
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Definition
| 4 ring structure base of all steroids |
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Term
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Definition
| pituitary tumor that causes overproduction of GH after epiphyseal growth plates are closed. Assoc with large features |
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Term
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Definition
| overproduction of GH before epiphyseal plates close. Causes very tall and sxs like acromegaly if not treated before plates close |
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Term
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Definition
| due to pituitary. little growth hormone and IGF-1 |
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Term
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Definition
| receptor defect to GH and low IGF-1, so high levels of GHRH and growth hormone |
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Term
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Definition
polycystic ovarian disease – related to stress levels
Excess androgen secretion from ovarian or adrenal tumor
Causes masculinization, lack of menstruation, high estrone levels which cause low FSH so no estradiol, so low LH, so no ovulation |
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Term
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Definition
| Vitamin D deficiency before epiphyseal plates close. Causes poor bone mineralization |
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Term
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Definition
| GnRH fails to migrate to hypothalamus, so no GnRH, no LH or FSH, so appear womanly |
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Term
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Definition
| vitamin D deficiency after epiphyseal plates close. Causes poor bone mineralization. |
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Term
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Definition
| overactive hypothalamus causes premature activation of LHRH neurons so early testosterone release and early puberty |
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Term
| Androgen resistance syndrome/testicular feminization |
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Definition
XY, Phenotypic female
Androgen receptor defect – have male reproductive organs but female brain and no descent of testes, good breast development due to aromatase enzyme, no vaginal pouch, no menstrual cycle |
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Term
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Definition
autoimmune that activates TSH receptors. High T3 and T4, low TSH
Bug eyed due to edema, hypertension, heat intolerant, increased anxiety, possible goiter, increase activation of sebaceous glands |
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Term
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Definition
| adult insufficiency of thyroid hormone production. Increased fat, cold intolerant, hypotension, fatigue |
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Term
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Definition
| neonatal insufficiency of thyroid hormones production. Mental retardation, deficit growth, dry skin |
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Term
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Definition
| pituitary tumor that over secretes ACTH. Overproduce cortisol, causing moon face, buffalo hump, central obesity, high BP, stria (stretch marks from tissue break down |
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Term
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Definition
| Adrenal tumon overproduce cortisol, causing moon face, buffalo hump, central obesity, high BP, stria (stretch marks from tissue break down |
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Term
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Definition
| congenital adrenal hyperplasia. deficiency in 21-α-hydroxylase or 11-β-hydroxylase, so no cortisol or aldosterone and high testosterone. Causes clitoromegaly in females. Treated with cortisol. |
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Term
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Definition
| produce too little cortisol so cant tolerate excessive stress because cant compensate for drop in blood glucose and decreased blood volume. Low cortisol causes less inhibition on CRH, so high breakdown of ACTH – MSH causes skin pigmentation |
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Term
| Pregnane, Antrostane, Estrane |
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Definition
| 21 carbons, 19 carbons, 18 carbons |
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Term
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Definition
rate limiting step in moving cholesterol from cytosol to mitochondria
cAMP dependent |
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Term
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Definition
steeper slope is higher affinity for binding protein
curved graph means two receptors with different affinities |
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Term
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Definition
| hormond bound = (MAX x [hormone]) / (Kd + [hormone]) |
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Term
| homodimer nuclear receptors |
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Definition
| Androgen, Estrogen, Glucocorticoid, Menteralocorticoid, progestin |
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Term
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Definition
| also require 9-cis retanoid acid to bind RXReceptor |
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Term
| DNA binding pallindrome w/ space |
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Definition
| Glucocorticoid, Mineralocorticoid, Progesterone, Androgen, Estrogen |
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Term
| DNA binding pallindrome w/o space btw |
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Definition
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Term
| DNA binding Direct repeats |
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Definition
| 3 repeat - VDR, 4 repeat - TR, 5 repeat - RAR |
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Term
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Definition
| need to be removed from DNA binding site before can bind to DNA |
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Term
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Definition
| Aldosterone secretion, controlled by renin-angiotensin - no hypothalamic feedback |
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Term
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Definition
| Cortisol secretion, controlled by ACTH |
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Term
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Definition
| androgen/DHEA secretion, controlled by ACTH |
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Term
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Definition
| fail to develop secondary sex characteristics - due to genetic deficiency in enzyme for testosterone production |
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Term
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Definition
| testicular failure due to defective secretion of gonadotropins (cant make LH) |
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Term
| 5alpha reductase deficiency |
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Definition
| external female, internal male - masculinization at puberty |
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Term
| CAIS - complete androgen insensitivity syndrome/testicular feminization syndrome |
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Definition
| absence of androgen receptors in XY. external female, testes secrete testosterone. pretty sure causes enlarged breasts |
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