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| The endocrine system is an organized group of _______ which uses organized material from ______ & _____ to make new compounds called ________. |
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| The endocrine system is an organized group of tissues which uses organized material from blood & lymph to make new compounds called hormones. |
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| The endocrine system is a ________ system |
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ductless
The endocrine system is a ductless system |
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| The endocrine SX functions to secrete hormones or ________ __________ which coordinate and direct the activities of target _____ & ______. |
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| The endocrine SX functions to secrete hormones or chemical messangers which coordinate and direct the activities of target target cells & organs. |
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adrenal glands
adrenal glands |
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secrete
endocrine (jordan) |
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| Hormones operate under the control of which system? |
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| Central Nervous System (CNS SX) |
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| There are _____ major glands of the endocrine sx. Four start with a "P". They are ____, ____, ____, and ______. |
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eight
pancreas
parathyroid
pineal body
pituitary |
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| There are two glands that begin with a "T". They are the _______ & the ______. |
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| A & G are which two glands of the endocrine Sx. |
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| The hypothalamus is part of the ANS (autonomic nervous system), but it produces two hormones, ___________ which is converted to ADH and ________. |
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vasopressin >ADH (anitdieuretic hormone)
Oxytocin |
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| The Pituitary gland is known as the ______ gland. It is located behind the _____ nerve in the brain. It is the size of a _____, __mm in diameter and weight about 0.5 g. |
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master gland
behind the optic nerve
size of a grape
10mm/0.5g |
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| The posterior pituitary (neurohypophysis) secretes __________ _______ & ________. |
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antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
& oxytocin. |
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| ADH influences____________________________. It is produced by the ________ _________. |
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influences absorption of water by the kidney tubules
produced by the posterior pituitary |
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| Oxytocin influences ______________________. |
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| influences uterine contraction |
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| The thyroid gland is a(n) ________ _______. It is butterfly shaped. It rests in the anterior neck, and about ___ inches in size. |
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an endocrine gland.
two inches |
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The thyroid gland is in the front of the neck and is shaped like a pinecone. It secretes T3 ( ____________) & T4 (______________).
The thyroid regulated __________, for both mental & physical acuity, and it regulates _______ and __________ metabolism. |
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T3 - triiodothyronine
T4 - thyroxine
The thyroid regulated metabolism, for both mental & physical acuity, and it regulates calcium and phosphorous metabolism. |
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| The Pineal body is in the 3rd ventricle of the brain. It is shaped like a ____ _____. It's hormones are __________ & _________. |
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The function of the pineal body is ___ ____ ____________.
It affects the onset of puberty, creates the precursor to melatonin, and plays a role in regulating the body's _________ _______. |
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not well understood
circadian rhythms (24-hr. body clock that governs periods of wake & slee. |
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| The parathyroid glands are ____ tiny glands on the posterior surface of the _______. It secretes PTH (___________ _______.) It regulates calcium & phosphorous levels in the blood and stimulates ____ breakdown |
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4
thyroid
parathyroid hormone
calcium & phosphorous
stimulates bone breakdown. |
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| The parathyroid is associated with what disease? |
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Tetany: A condition marked by intermittent muscular spasms, caused by malfunction of the parathyroid glands and a consequent deficiency of calcium.
*Jordan: Tetany = calcium deficiency, leads to cramping of muscles. |
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| The ______ ______ starts out large at puberty, and shrinks as we age. It is located under the _________. It produces a hormone called _______ which regulates the immune responce. It reacts with _____ to produce T-lymphocytes to fight disease. |
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thymus gland
mediastinim
Thymosin
lymph
Books says it promotes development of cell in the immune sx. |
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The adrenal glands are also called the ___________ glands because they are located on the superior kidney.
Adrenal glands produce _______ ________ which regulate carbohydrate metabolism and salt and water balance. They also have some effect on sexual characteristics.
Adrenal glands also produce epinephrine & norepinephrine which affect the sympathetic nervous system in a ______ response. |
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suprarenal glands
steroid hormones
epinephrine & norepinephrine
stress |
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| The pancreas is the only organ in the body that has both endocrine & exocrine functions. The endocrine sections of the pancreas are called the ______ of _________, where _______ and _________ are produced. The pancreas also aids in digestion as part of the GI Sx. It is located behind the stomach, near L1 & L2. |
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Inlets of Langerhans
produce insulin and glucagon. |
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| Insulin, produces in the Inlets of __________ in the pancrease, regulated ____________ & ____________ metabolism. ________ stimulates the liver to release glucose. |
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Langerhans
Insulin-carbohydrate/sugar metabolism-lowers blood sugar
glucogon stimulates the river to release glucose, raising blood sugar. |
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| The ovaries are located in the ______ ______. They produce ________ & ____________, and are responsible for the development of female secondary sex characteristics, and regulation of reproduction. |
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located in the female pelvis
hormones: estrogen & progesterone |
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| The testes are located in the _______. They produce testosterone which affect _____________ and ___________. |
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scrotum
masculinization & reproduction |
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| The glands of the Endocrine system can be called _________ ______. |
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| The master gland, the _________ gland secretes 7 hormones. |
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TSH: thyroid-stimulating hormone (stimulates secretions)
ACTH: adrenocorticotropic hormone (stimulates adrenal cortex.
FSH: folicle stimulating hormone
LH: luteinizing hormone
MSH: melanocyte-stimulating hormone
GH: growth hormone
Prolactin: lactogenic hormone |
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| Thyroid-stimulating hormone (___) is made by the butterfly shaped, ant-necked gland. It stimulates _________ from the thyroid gland. |
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| Adrenocorticotropic hormone (____) stimulates secretion from the ________ _______. |
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| Follicle-stimulating hormone (___) from the 2" thyroid, initiates growth of the _______ _______. It also stimulates the secretion of estrogen in females, and __________ in males. |
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FSH
ovarian follicles
testosterone |
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| Luteinizing hormone (LH), a product of the master gland, causes ovulation, stimulates the secretion of ____________ by the __________ _________and stimulates the secretion of testosterone in the testes. |
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progesterone
corpus luteum |
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| Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (___), from the Pituitary gland, effects ____ ____________. |
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| Growth hormone ( _____), a hormone produced by the master gland, influences ___________. |
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| _________, produced by the thyroid, is also called lactogenic hormone, stimulates breast development and ____ production during pregnancy. |
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Disorder of the Pituitary:
1.
2.
3. |
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Giantism - excessive development
Dwarfism - lack of GH
Acromegaly - elongation and enlargement of the bones |
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Cushing's Syndrome is a disease of the _______ ______. It is caused by the hypersecretion of the ________ ______.
Symptoms (sx) include, weakness, edema, _________ ____ ______ & ____________. |
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Adrenal gland.
adrenal cortex
excessive hair growth and
osteoporosis |
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| Cushing's disease is named after neurosurgeon ______ ____________ |
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| Addison's disease is a disease of the _______ _______. It is caused by _______ of __________ ________. Symptoms include ___________ or _________ of the skin, general weakness and weight loss. |
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adrenal gland
hyposecretion of adrenocortical hormones.
pigmentation or Bronzing |
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| A disease of the pancreas is Diabetes ___________. It is a disorder of ___________ metabolism and results in hyperglycemia (____ _____ ______) and sugar in the blood (________). |
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Mellitus
carbohydrate
glycosuria |
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Organ: pancreas; Hormone: insulin
Name the two types of diabetes, Type I & Type II. Name them. |
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Type I: IDDM (Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus)
Type II: NIDDM (Non-Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus) |
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| diabetes insipidus (_ _) is caused by inadequate secretion of antidiuretic hormone from the _______ gland. |
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| excessive thirst (as in cases of diabetes or kidney dysfunction). |
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| A disorder of the parathyroid gland, ______ causes painful muscle cramps from hypocalcemia. |
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| A disorder of the parathyroid gland, ___ __________ _________ is caused by excessive production of parathyroid hormone which results in ___________ __ ___ _____. Named for a German histologist. |
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Von Recklinghausen's disease
results in
degeneration of the bones. |
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Disorders of the Thyroid:
Graves disease also called ____________ is caused by the ____________ of thyroid hormone. It can cause _____________, a condition in which the eyeballs protrude. |
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Disorders of the Thyroid:
Graves disease also called ____________ is caused by the ____________ of thyroid hormone. It can cause _____________, a condition in which the eyeballs protrude. |
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Disorder of the thyroid:
Myxedema is caused by the ____secretion of the thyroid. Sx include anemia, slow speech, swollen facial features, edema of the skin. It is also called ______________. |
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Disorder of the thyroid:
Cretinism is a condition of ____ of _______ _______. May result in the lack of mental & physical development. |
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Cretinism
lack of thyroid hormone. |
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Disorder of the thyroid:
Goiter is caused by a lack of ______ in the diet. |
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Disorder of the thyroid:
Hashimoto's Disease is a chronic form of ____________. |
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| Hirsutism is the condition of _____________________, especially in females. May be caused by a hormonal imbalance. |
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| thyroid stimulating hormone |
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| adrenocorticotropic hormone |
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Pituitary, Pineal body, Thyroid, Parathyroid
Thymus, Adrenal Glands, Pancreas and gonads |
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