Term
| The Adrenal Gland is located where and can be divided into what two parts? |
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Definition
| On top the Kidney, Adrenal Medulla, Adrenal Cortex |
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Term
| The Adrenal Cortex acts in response to what? Where is that compound produced? What steroid hormone does the A.C. produce? |
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Definition
| ACTH, anterior pituitary, corticosteroids |
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Term
| The Three Corticosteroids are called what? |
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Definition
| Glucocorticosteroid, mineralcorticosteroid, cortical sec hormones |
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Term
| name 2 glucocorticosteroids and what they are involved in |
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Definition
| cortisol, cortisone, glucose regulation and protein metabolism |
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Term
| Glucocorticoids _________ blood glucose levels by promoting protein breakdown and _________ protein synthesis. Acts inversely to ________. |
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Definition
| increasing, decreasing, insulin |
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Term
| Which corticosteroid regulates plasma levels of sodium and potassium, and consequently extra cellular water volume. Name one type of hormone. |
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Definition
| Mineralocorticoids, aldosterone |
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Term
| Aldosterone causes what in the nephron |
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Definition
| increased active reabsorption of sodium and passive reabsorption of water |
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Term
| excess production of aldosterone results in..... |
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Definition
| excess retention of water ~ hypertension |
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Term
| Cortical Sex Hormones are produced where? |
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Definition
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Term
| The Adrenal Medulla produces what two catecholamines? |
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Definition
| epinephrine and norepinephrine |
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Term
| Epinephrine ______ conversion of glycogen to glucose in liver and muscle tissue, causing what? |
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Definition
| increase, rise in blood glucose levels and increase in metabolic rate. |
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Term
| 2 hormones produced by Adrenal Medulla that are neurotransmitters |
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Definition
| epinephrine, norepinephrine |
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Term
| What hormone secreted by Ant. Pit. gland regulates glucocorticosteroids and cortical sex steroids |
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Definition
| ACTH (adrenocorticotrophic hormone) |
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Term
| Name the six hormones produced by Ant Pit gland, FLAT PiG |
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Definition
FSH- follicle stimulating hormone
LH-leutenizing hormone
ACTH
TSH
Prolactin
GH- growth hormone |
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Term
| Direct Hormones stimulate.....versus tropic hormones which stimulate..... |
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Definition
| Direct organ, other endocrine glads to release hormones |
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Term
| Name the 2 direct hormones and what they do from Ant. Pit. Gland |
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Definition
GH - causes either gigantism or acremegaly
Prolactin - stimulates milk production and secretion in female mammary glands |
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Term
| Name 3 tropic hormones made by Ant. Pit. |
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Definition
FSH - follicle stimulating hormone
LH - leutinizing hormone
TSH - thyroid stimulating Hormone
ACTH
MSH - melanocyte stimulating hormone |
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Term
| The main job of the Post. Pit. is to store and release _________, & __________, made by the hypothalamus. What does each do? |
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Definition
Oxytocin - increases strength & frequency of muscle contractions. stimulates milk secretion
ADH (vassopressin) - increases permeability of nephrons, promoting water reabsorption and increasing blood volume. |
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Term
| Hypothalamus releases hormones that stimulate or inhibit the secretions of what other endocrine organ? |
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Definition
| Anterior Pituitary gland, GnRH stimulates secretion of FSH and LH |
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Term
| Blood from the hypothalamus travels through which vein to reach the ant. pit? |
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Definition
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Term
| The hormones produced by the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary are controlled by what kind of feedback system |
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Definition
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Term
| Neurosecretory Cells in hypothalamus sythesize what two hormones stored in the post. pit. |
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Definition
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Term
| The thyroid secretes what three hormones? |
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Definition
| Thyrxin, triiodothyronine, and calcitonin |
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Term
| ?T4 and T3 are derived from what amino acid? What are they necessery for? |
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Definition
| thyroxin & triiodothyronine are derived from tyrosine. Growth and neurological development in children |
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Term
| Calcitonin, producied in the ________, decreases plasma Ca2+ concentration by ________ the release of Ca2+ from the bone |
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Definition
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Term
| Calcitonin is __________ to the parathyroid gland |
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Definition
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Term
| The pancreas secretes what two hormones |
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Definition
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Term
| Glucagon is created by __ cells and secreted by the ___ of ____________ |
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Definition
| alpha, Islets of Langerhans |
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Term
| Glucagon stimulates ....... resulting in...... |
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Definition
| protein and fat degredation, increased blood glucose levels |
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Term
| Insulin is produced by ___ cells and is secreted via the ____ of ________ |
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Definition
| beta, islets of langerhans |
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Term
| This protein hormone is secreted in response to high blood glucose levels. It stimulates........ |
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Definition
| insulin, uptake of glucose as glycogen via muscle and liver cells lowering blood glucose levels |
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Term
| Insulin reacts antagonistically to _________ and the glucocorticosteroids (which are produced where) |
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Definition
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Term
| Underproduction of insulin results in diabetes ________, also know as hypoglycemia |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe the structure and function of the Parathyroid glands. What it produces acts antagonistically to what hormone produced by the thyroid? |
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Definition
| 4 pea shaped structures on ventral surface of the thyroid, produces PTH which Increases Ca2+, Calcitonin decreases Ca2+ in blood |
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Term
| When blood volumes fall, the kidney produces _________ |
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Definition
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Term
| Renin converts plasma protein to ___________, which is converted to ___________, which stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete ____________ |
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Definition
| angiotensin 1, angiotensin 2, aldosterone. Remember: aldosterone helps to restore blood volume by increasing sodium reabsorption at the kidney, leading to an increase in water |
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Term
| Gastrin illicits the gastric glands to produce _____, in response to food in the stomach |
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Definition
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Term
| The hormone __________ is released by small intestine when acidic food materials enter the stomach. This hormone illicits what response. |
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Definition
| Secretin, illicits the pancreas to reease alkaline bicarbonate to neutralize food |
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Term
| The Pineal gland secretes _________, which is believed to play a role in?? |
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Definition
| melatonin, 24 hour cycles and sleeping. It recognizes both ligh and dark environments and secretes accordingly |
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Term
| The two major hormone classes include: |
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Definition
| peptide and steroid hormones |
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Term
| Peptide hormones act as first messengers by binding to specific receptors on the surface of the cell. The second messenger is _________, which initiates... |
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Definition
| cyclic AMP, the cascade effect |
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Term
| Steroid hormones usually have a _____ structure, they are able to ______ the membrane and bind to cytoplasmic proteins directly. |
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Definition
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