Term
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Definition
| this system is an older communication system that is integrated with the CNS & hormones |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Peptides, Modified Amino Acids and Steroid Hormones |
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Term
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Definition
| these are strings of amino acids |
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Term
| This hormone is a modified amino acid. what is it made from? |
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Definition
| norepinephrine is one of this type of hormone: it is made from tyrozine (peptide) + and enzyme. |
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Term
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Definition
| this main thyroid hormone affect thought/information processing (lower this hormone, lowers intelligence) |
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Term
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Definition
| this hormone is made from cholesterol (i.e. testosterone). These are fat soluable (pass through membranes) and cannot be packaged into vessicles. One example is anabolic steroids. |
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Term
| Protein Hormone receptors |
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Definition
| these type of hormone (peptides & modified amino acids) are metabotropic (have second messenger) |
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Term
| Protein Hormone receptors |
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Definition
| these type of hormone (peptides & modified amino acids) are metabotropic (have second messenger) |
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Term
| Steroid hormone receptors |
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Definition
| these types of hormones use receptors within the nucleus of the cell: they make a profound, function-related effect compared to protein receptors |
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Term
| Posterior Pituitary (and what it's made of) |
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Definition
| This pituitary stores hormones and can be stimulated by the brain. It grows downward and is made of neural tissue (neurons and synapses) |
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Term
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Definition
| this pituitary dev't from the roof of the mouth, and grows upward. It has no neurons or synapses. Think "ANTI-brain" |
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Term
| What controls the anterior pituitary? |
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Definition
| the hypothalamus controls this pituitary through hormones sent from the brain, which are then released into the bloodstream, specifically the "growth hormone" |
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Term
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Definition
| Follicle stimulating hormone |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| these two hormones that control the gonads are produced by the anterior pituitary |
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Term
| Gonadotropic Releasing Hormone (GnRH) |
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Definition
| this hormone is synthesized by the hypothalamus and once released into the bloodstream goes to the pituitary and synthesized FSH + LH |
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Term
| male system of negative feedback and modulation by environmental effects: |
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Definition
| this system involves the brain (sexuality, stress + other factors), the pituitary (where GnRH is used to make FSH + LH), the testes (where FSH + LH are used to make androgen + for spermatogenis) and the genetalia (where testosterone is made/used) |
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Term
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Definition
| drop below set point, induce, go above a set point, inhibit = thermostat. This is how the brain stops or starts release of GnRH |
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Term
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Definition
| people who win have testosterone go up: stressful events make testosterone goes down |
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Term
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Definition
| this is the main estrogen in humans, main sex hormone in females. |
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Term
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Definition
| exceed a certain point, the system turns on. In women, a high level of estradiol leads to a surge in GnRH which = a surge in FSH + LH (so egg can be released) |
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Term
| Female reproductive system |
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Definition
| As the follicule develops, the uterial endometrium (uterus wall) is growing, getting ready to form the placenta. At ovulation, the egg is released, there is a surge in LH and a slight increase in FSH right after. Eventually, menses |
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Term
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Definition
| social construction vs. male/female |
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Term
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Definition
| social behavior for survival of species |
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Term
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Definition
| this referes to behaviors that are diff't in males and females |
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Term
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Definition
| the affect of a hormone that results in a permanent change (breasts) |
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Term
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Definition
| the effect of a hormone that is dependent on the hormone being present/ temporary effect |
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Term
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Definition
| this number 23 is determined at fertilization |
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Term
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Definition
| ....is controlled by chromosomal sex |
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Term
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Definition
| this hormone is secreted by the testes during fetal dev't. It inhibits the mullerian ducts, the female set of tubes heading towards the gonads. It is said that this hormone has a determinizing effect |
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Term
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Definition
| these male tubes which connect to gonads won't dev't unless encouraged by androgens (like testosterone). This involves a critical period. |
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Term
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Definition
XX => urethra stays open
XY => urethra stays closed |
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Term
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Definition
| anti-mullerian hormone + 2 Androgens: testosterone & dihydrotestosterone |
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Term
| masculinization & defeminization |
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Definition
| these are describing the actions of anti-mullerian hormone & androgens, respectively in how an XY system makes the female bits wither away. |
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Term
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Definition
| less androgen = less genital masculinization |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| in order for a hormone to have an effect it must have a receptor: this effect is when, although the testes put out testosterone, the woffian ducts don 't develop...have testes, but external female genitals |
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Term
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Definition
| peudohermaphrodite/ testicular feminization |
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Term
| no hair under arms @ puberty, never menstruates |
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Definition
| testicular feminization/ androgen receptor defect/ pseudohermaphrodite |
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Term
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Definition
| Klinefelter's Syndrome : male genitals, generally small |
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Term
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Definition
| Turner's Syndrome: female genitals, ovaries don't dev't, puberty fails |
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Term
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Definition
| also known as "true hermaphrodite" with both sets of genetalia (one on each side), usually two gonadal cells that fuse |
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Term
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Definition
| Triple-X, normally female but w/extra learning disability |
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Term
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Definition
| Supernuerary Y: male dev't: tall, impulsive w/ some learning disabilites (think prison) |
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Term
| sexual behavior is induced by... |
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Definition
| hormone activity (adding testosterone or estradiol) induces... |
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Term
| Sexual differences in behaviors |
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Definition
| play, aggresive behavior, parental behavior, maze learning, taste preferences |
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Term
| Sexually-Dimorphic Nucleus of Pre-Optic-Area (SDN of POA) |
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Definition
| this area of the brain is affected by hormones: a female version of the SDN POA will dev't in males if they're castrated at birth |
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Term
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Definition
| consistent with their biology, and therefore, it is hard to measure diff'ce in male/female brains. We're treated differently from birth |
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Term
| XX Children with (CAH) Congential Adrenal Hyperplasia |
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Definition
| these females have masculinization of external genetalia b/c their adrenal gland starts producing androgens (testosterone). They have reconstrcutive surgery but have a higher incidence of being "tom boys" |
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Term
| 5a reductase deficiency (DHT not made) or "huevo a los doce" |
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Definition
| this disorder is like in MIDDLESEX: XY born with ambiguous genitalia are raised as girls, eventually identify as boys |
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Term
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Definition
| contributes to smooth muscle contraction in orgasm in males & females - sometimes referred to as a neurotransmitter. Also contributes to monagamous pair bonding. |
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Term
| Prolactin (think: I am pro this 'cause I don't want to be ejaculated on) |
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Definition
| this hormone has an anti-sexual effect, released during ejaculation + may mediate sexual refractory period |
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Term
| dynorphin (think I'm dying with how pleased I am) |
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Definition
| this endogenous opiod may contribute to male sexual satiety |
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Term
| Medial Pre optic Area (MPoA) |
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Definition
| this area has testosterone receptors, and if a little bit of testosterone is placed here, it brings back the sex drive in castrated animals. Electrical stimulation of this area induces copulation. It also receives input from the amygdala. Lastly, it has outputs to the brainstem and to motor control (thrusting) |
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Term
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Definition
| during Orgasm there is brain activity in this region |
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Term
| Ventromedial Hypothalamus (VMH) |
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Definition
| this part of the brain mediates effect of hormone in female sex activity: small amount of estradiol in VMH = initiate activity. Estradiol increases number of progesterone receptors |
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Term
| XX individuals who secrete more testosterone than normal (CAH exposure) |
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Definition
| are slightly more likely to identify as tomboys and be gay. |
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Term
| Inject gay, straight men and straight women with estrogen |
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Definition
| gay men have feedback halfway inbetween straight men and women |
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Term
| Sexually Diamorphic Nucleus of the PoA |
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Definition
| homosexual men have same size as women |
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Term
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Definition
| Chemicals that transmit a message from one animal to another |
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Term
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Definition
| esterus cycle stops when groups of female mice are housed together (a lot of booty in one place at one time = no menstruation!) |
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Term
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Definition
| the esterous cycle starts in synchrony when a group of female mice are exposed to urine of male mouse (wheee!) |
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Term
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Definition
| failure of a pregnancy when a recently impregnated mouse is exposed to a normal male mouse (think how bruce's voice could give me an abortion) |
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