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Details

Endocrine System
Thyroid Gland
11
Pathology
Professional
05/15/2012

Additional Pathology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Hyperthyroidism S/S
Skin, Cardio, Neuromuscular
Definition
Skin: Soft, warm, and flushed
Cardiac: Increased CO, increased contractility; cardiac failure
Neuromuscular: Tremor, anxiety, inability to concentrate, insomnia, proximal muscle weakness and decreased mass
Term
Adenomas (Genetic)
Definition
Gain of Function of:
TSHR and GNAS
Term
Adenomas (Morphology)
Definition
Well demarcated and well defined, with INTACT CAPSULE

Little variation in nucleus, rare mitotic figures

Can have Hurthle cells
Term
Adenomas (S/S)
Definition
Unilateral, painless mass, ~3cm
Usually has no uptake of Iodine (Cold nodules)
Can cause mass effect
Term
Papillary Carcinomas (Genetics)
Definition
MAP Kinase pathway:
RET and PTC translocations
or
BRAF mutation with NTRK1
Term
Follicular Carcinomas (Genetics)
Definition
PI-3K/AKT Pathway:
GoF mutation of RAS and PIK3CA; loss of PTEN
or
Unique PAX8 and PPARG fusion translocation
Term
Anaplastic (Undifferentiated) Carcinomas (Genetics)
Definition
RAS or PIK3CA

If p53 is mutated and B-catenin are unique
Term
Medullary Thyroid Carinoma (Genetic)
Definition
RET mutation (without PTC)
Term
Papillary Carcinomas (RF)
Definition
Ionizing radiation
25-50 y/o
Term
Papillary Carcinomas (Morphology)
Definition
Solitary, well-circumsized
Branching papillae with fibrovascular stock

Nucelus: (Distinguish from Follicular Adenoma)
Orphan Anni nuclei
Pseudoinclusions

Lymphatic invasion
Term
Follicular variant (Papillary Carcinoma)
Definition
More RAS mutations, with a distinct BRAF mutation
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