Term
Sends neural impulse over neurons to specif effector cells.
Causes contraction, secretion, conduction.
Quickly within a few milliseconds
Brief effect. |
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Definition
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Term
Release chemicals called hormones into bloodstream.
Chemical messages go to all body cells.
Induce changes in metabolic activities of target organ.
Takes hours to initiate; but lasts longer. |
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Definition
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Term
| 5 Categories of Hormone Action |
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Definition
1. CONTROL internal environment by regulating its chemical composition and volume of body fluids.
2.RESPOND to changes in environmental conditions in body to aid in coping with emergency demands such as trauma, emotional stress, dehydration, infection.
3.INVOLVED in smooth/sequential integration of growth and development.
4. CONTRIBUTE to coordination of reproductive process.
5. REGULATE organic metabolism and energy balance. |
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Term
| Give an example of a hormone that controls internal environment by regulatiing its chemical composition and volume of body fluids. |
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Definition
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Term
| Give an example of a hormone that responds to changes in the environmental conditions in body to aid in coping with emergency demands such as trauma, emotional stress, dehydration, infection. |
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Definition
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Term
| Give an example of a hormone INVOLVED in smooth/sequential integration of growth and development. |
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Definition
| Growth Hormone, Estrogen, Testosterone, Thyroid Hormone |
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Term
| Give an example of a hormone that CONTRIBUTES to coordination of reproductive process. |
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Definition
| FSH, LH,ESTROGEN, TESTOSTERONE, PROGESTERONE, OXYTOCIN, HCG, PROLACTIN |
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Term
| Give an example of a hormone that regulates organic metabolism and energy balance. |
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Definition
| Thyroid hormone, cortisol, insulin, glucagon |
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Term
| Secrete product into space around secretory cells--> adjacent capillaries--> blood circulatoin--> target cells |
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Definition
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Term
secretes into ducts of ECF--> target area
Examples: mucous, sebaceous, sudoriferous, digestive |
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Definition
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Term
| List the endocrine glands in a hierachal flow chart beginning with the hypothalamus. |
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Definition
Hypothalamus--> Anterior Pituitary --> Thyroid gland.
Figure 16.7 on page 605 |
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Term
| increase body growth esp. skeleton and skeletal muscles by increasing protein synthesis, fat metabolism, and glucose conservation |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the Origin and Target of HGH? |
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Definition
Anterior Pituitary
Bones and Skeletal Muscles |
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Term
| What is the Origin and Target of TSH? |
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Definition
Anterior Pituitary
Thyroid Gland |
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Term
| stimulates normal development and secretory activity of the thyroid gland |
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Definition
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Term
| Origin and Target of ACTH |
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Definition
Anterior Pituitary
Adrenal Cortex |
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Term
| The origin and Target of T3 and T4 |
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Definition
Thyroid
Virtually every cell in the body except those in the brain, testes, uterus, and thyroid |
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Term
| stimulates enzymes concerned with glucose oxidation thereby increasing metabolic rate, oxygen consumption, and body heat; also plays an important role in maintain blood pressure, also important in regulating tissue growth and development |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the origin and target of Calcitonin? |
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Definition
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Term
| inhibits osteoclast activity and stimulates the uptake of calcium into the bone matrix |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the origin and Target of PTH? |
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Definition
Parathyroid
Bones, Kidneys, and Intestines |
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Term
| increases calcium levels in blood by increasing osteoclast action, enhancing reabsorption of calcium in the kidneys, excretion of phosphates from kidneys, absorption of calcium by intestinal mucosal cells |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the origin and target of Cortisol? |
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Definition
Adrenal Cortex
Total body target |
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Term
| provokes formation of glucose from noncarbohydrate molecules such as fats and proteins |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the origin and target of epienephrine/Norepinephrine? |
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Definition
Adrenal Medulla
total body target |
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Term
| enhance "fight or flight" response and help resist stress |
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Definition
| Epinephrine/Norepinephrine |
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Term
| What is the origin and Target of Glucagon |
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Definition
Pancreas
Liver and skeletal muscles |
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Term
| increases blood glucose levels by breaking down glycogen |
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Definition
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Term
| Lowers blood glucose levels by depositing glycogen into liver and muscle cells |
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Definition
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Term
| Origin and Target of Insulin |
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Definition
Pancreas
Liver and skeletal Muscles |
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Term
| 2 Things that are Protein/Water-Soluble |
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Definition
| Amines and Pepetides and Proteins |
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Term
| Example of Amine Water Soluble Protein |
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Definition
| Thyroxin of the thyroid, epinephine and norepineprine of the medulla |
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Term
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Definition
| Aldosterone of the adrenals, cortisol of the adrenals, androgens of the testes |
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Term
| Effect of hormone often restricted to a target tissue whose cells possess receptor molecules for the hormone; HORMONE RECEPTOR SPECIFICITY |
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Definition
| Principal 1 of hormone action |
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Term
| Some hormones have GENERAL ACTION and affect nearly all body cells. |
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Definition
| Principal 2 of Hormone Action |
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Term
| Hormones do not usually initiate new processes but rather they ACT TO INCREASE OR DECREASE THE SPEED OF A CELLULAR PROCESS. |
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Definition
| Principal 3 of Hormone Action |
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