Term
Endocrine System Functions |
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Definition
-Response to stress or injury (HPA axis)
•-Growth and development (HPA axis)
•-Reproduction (HPG axis)
•-Energy metabolism (thyroid and pancreas)
•-Fluid and electrolyte balance (ADH, aldosterone, PTH)
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•HPA axis = hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis
-Immune response |
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Term
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Definition
1)Alterations in hormone concentration (deficiency or excess)
–2)Alterations in receptor function/postreceptor mechanisms (classic example of this is type II diabetes).
•-Decrease in # of receptors
•-Receptor insensitivity
•-Ab against specific receptor
•-Receptor dysfunction
-Deficiency |
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Definition
When more hormone receptors are added to the target cell over a period of time. |
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Definition
When hormone receptors are depleated from the target cell over a period of time. |
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Term
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Definition
| Most specific endocrine diseases can be understood conceptually in terms of the metabolic actions of the hormones involved, resulting in either ______ or ________hormone production or action. |
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Term
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Definition
| two components of the pituitary gland |
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Term
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Definition
Pituitary insufficiency typically affects all the hormones secreted by pituitary
–Causes include removal/destruction or necrosis of the pituitary and destruction of the hypothalamus
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Term
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Definition
most common cause, other than pregnancy, is a benign pituitary tumor secreting prolactin
–In women--amenorrhea, galactorrhea
–In men--impotence (ED), ↓libido, infertility; visual disturbance, headache
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Term
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Definition
•Hypersecretion of GH (gigantism and acromegaly)
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Term
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Definition
| Most common posterior pituitary disorder is ____ ______ caused by head trauma, surgical injury of the pituitary, or inflammatory or neoplastic lesions of the hypothalamus or pituitary |
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Term
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Definition
–Manifests as diabetes insipidus (central rather than nephrogenic)
–Polyuria, polydipsia, and hyperosmolality of blood
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Term
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Definition
Results from pituitary adenomas oversecreting GH
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Term
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Definition
| childhood oversecretion of GH |
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Term
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Definition
Adult oversecretion of GH
characterized by:
-Course facial features
-Enlarged mandible
-Thick ears and nose
-Enlarged spade-like hands and feet
-Enlarged tongue
-Deep husky voice
-Spinal deformities
Treatment: somatostatin, surgery
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Term
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Definition
________ hormones [tri-iodothyronine (T-3) and thyroxine (T-4)] regulate our body's metabolism and influence virtually every organ system in the body. |
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Definition
The major effect is stimulation of cellular metabolism & heat production.
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Definition
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Term
Graves' Disease
Toxic Nodular Goiter |
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Definition
The most common underlying cause of hyperthyroidism is ______ ____(an autoimmune disease).
Another cause is _____________where a single nodule overproduces thyroid hormones.
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Term
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Definition
•Form of autoimmune thyroiditis; Women are seven times more likely to develop than men.
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Term
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Definition
Symptoms are typical of hyperthyroidism:
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–-inflammation of the tissues around the eyes, causing swelling (exophthalmos)
–-thickening of the skin over the lower legs (pretibial myxedema).
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sweating,weight loss, tachycardia,anxiety,restlessness)
-Hypermetabolism (heat intolerance, -Enlarged thyroid-excess thyroid hormones (T-3, T4) |
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Term
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Definition
•Caused by an IgG antibody acting directly on follicle cells of the thyroid (causes hyperplasia and ↑synthesis of TH)
•Out of TSH control-TH synthesized irrespective of need, no negative feedback
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Term
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Definition
inflammation of the tissues around the eyes, causing swelling |
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Term
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Definition
thickening of the skin over the lower legs |
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Definition
is a condition in which
the thyroid gland doesn't produce enough T-3 and T-4 (underactive thyroid).
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Term
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Definition
Symptoms: fatigue, muscle weakness, constipation, weight gain, depression, brittle nails & hair, puffy face, cold sensitivity Increased, hoarse voice, peripheral neuropathy, goiter
Causes: most common is Hashimoto'sthyroiditis,an autoimmune disorder. Othercauses include lithium,radiation,
insufficient TSH, iodine deficiency. Most common in middle- aged women and tends to run in families.
Treatment: daily use of the synthetic thyroid hormone levothyroxine [T-4] (Levothroid, Levoxyl, Synthroid).
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