Term
| Pituitary Gland Or Hypophysis Cerebri |
|
Definition
| Approximately the size of a pea and located at the base of the brain. Two lobes: Anterior & Posterior. Referred to as the master gland because it produces hormones that stimulate the function of other endocrine glands. |
|
|
Term
| Anterior lobe or Adenohypophysis |
|
Definition
| Produces and secretes the following hormones: Growth Hormone (GH), Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH), Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH), Gonadotropic Hormones, Follicle-Stiumating hormone (FSH), Luteinizing Hormone (LH), Prolactin or Lactogenic Hormone (PRL). |
|
|
Term
| Posterior Lobe or Neurohypophysis |
|
Definition
| Stores and releases antidiuretic hormone and oxytocin. |
|
|
Term
| Adrenocortitropic Hormone |
|
Definition
| Stimulates the Adrenal Cortex |
|
|
Term
| Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) |
|
Definition
| Regulate development, growth, and function of the ovaries and testes. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Regulate development, growth, and function of the ovaries and testes. |
|
|
Term
| Prolactin or lactogenic hormone (PRL) |
|
Definition
| Promotes development of glandular tissue during pregnancy and produces milk after birth of an infant. |
|
|
Term
| Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) |
|
Definition
| Stimulates the kidney to reabsorb water. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Stimulates uterine contractions during labor and postpartum. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Located near the pituitary gland in the brain. The hypothalamus secretes "releasing" hormone that functions to stimulate or inhibit the release of pituitary gland hormones. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Largest endocrine gland. it is located in the neck below the larynx and comprises bilateral lobes connected by an isthmus. The thyroid gland secretes the hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4), which require iodine for their production. Thyroxine is necessary for body cell metabolism. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Four small bodies lying directly behind the thyroid. Parathormone (PTH), the hormone produced by the glands, helps maintain the level of calcium in the blood. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Clusters of endocrine tissue found throughout the pancreas, made up of different cell types that secrete various hormones, including insulin and glucagon. Non-endocrine cells found throughout the pancreas produce enzymes that facilitate digestion. |
|
|
Term
| Adrenal Glands or Suprarenals |
|
Definition
| The outer portion is called the adrenal cortex, and the inner portion is called the adrenal medulla. The following hormones are secreted by the adrenal glands: Cortisol, aldosterone, epinephrine (adrenaline), nonepinephrine (nonadrenaline) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Secreted by the adrenal cortex. It aids the body during stress by increasing glucose levels to provide energy; also called hydrocortisone. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Secreted by the adrenal cortex. Electrolytes that are necessary for normal body function are regulated by this hormone. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Secreted by the adrenal medulla. These hormones help the body to deal with stress by increasing the blood pressure, heartbeat, and respiration. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Cortex (the outer layer of a body organ) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Thyroid Gland; Also Thyroid/o |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Enlargement of the extremities (and bones of the face, hands, and feet caused by excessive production of the growth hormone by the pituitary gland after puberty). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What you would think; seen in uncontrolled diabetes mellitus. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Chronic syndrome resulting from a deficiency in the hormonal secretion of the adrenal cortex. Symptoms may include weakness, darkening of skin, loss of appetite, depression, and other emotional problems. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Condition caused by congenital absence or atrophy of the thyroid gland, resulting in hypothyroidism. The disease is characterized by puffy features, mental deficiency, large tongue, and dwarfism. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Excessive production of cortisol causes abnormally pigmented skin, "moon face," pads of fat on the chest and abdomen, "buffalo hump" (fat on the upper back), and wasting away of muscle; may be the result of a pituitary tumor or a primary adrenal gland dysfunction. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Result of decreased secretion of anti-diuretic hormone by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland. Symptoms include excessive thirst (polydipsia) and large amounts of urine (polyuria) and sodium being excreted from the body. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Chronic disease involving a disorder of carbohydrate metabolism caused by under-activity of the islets of Langerhans and characterized by elevated blood sugar (hyperglycemia). DM can cause chronic renal disease, retinopathy, and neuropathy. In extreme cases the patient may develop ketosis, acidosis, and finally coma. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Condition brought about by overproduction of growth hormone by the pituitary gland before puberty. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Enlargement of the thyroid gland. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A disorder of the thyroid gland characterized by the presence of hyperthyroidism, goiter, and exopthalmos. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Condition resulting from uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, in which the body has an abnormal concentration of ketone bodies resulting from excessive fat metabolism. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Condition resulting from a deficiency of the thyroid hormone thyroxine; a severe form of hypothyroidism in an adult. Symptoms include puffiness of the face and hands, coarse and thickened skin, enlarged tongue, slow speech, and anemia. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Tumor of the adrenal medulla, which is usually benign and characterized by hypertension, headaches, palpitations, diaphoresis, chest pain, and abdominal pain. Surgical removal of the tumor is the most common treatment. Though usually curable with early detection, it can be fatal if untreated. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Condition affecting nerves causing muscle spasms as a result of low amounts of calcium in the blood caused by a deficiency of the parathyroid hormone. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A condition caused by excessive thyroid hormones. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Radioactive Iodine Uptake |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Adrenocorticotropic Hormone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Follicle-Stimulating Hormone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Prolactin or Lactogenic Hormone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Radioactive Iodine Uptake (RAIU) |
|
Definition
| A nuclear medicine scan that measures thyroid function. Radioactive iodine is given to the patient orally, after which its uptake into the thyroid gland is measured. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A nuclear medicine test that shows the size, shape, and function of the thyroid gland. The patient is given a radioactive substance to visualize the thyroid gland. An image is recorded as the scanner is passed over the neck area; used to detect tumors and nodules. |
|
|
Term
| Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS) |
|
Definition
| A blood test performed after the patient has fasted for 8 to 10 hours to determine the amount of glucose (sugar) in the blood at the time of the test. Elevation may indicate diabetes mellitus. |
|
|
Term
| Glycosylated Hemoglobin (HbA1C) |
|
Definition
| A blood test that measures the average blood sugar concentration over the life span of the red blood cell. Results indicate the patient's average blood sugar level for the 6 to 8 weeks before the test, making it a useful tool in monitoring diabetes treatment. (also called hemoglobin A1C) |
|
|
Term
| Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone Level |
|
Definition
| A blood test that measures the amount of thyroid-stimulating hormone in the blood; used to diagnose hyperthyroidism and to monitor patients on thyroid replacement therapy. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A blood study that gives the direct measurement of the amount of thyroxine in the patient's blood. A greater-than-normal amount indicates hyperthyroidism; a less-than-normal amount indicates hypothyroidism. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Narrow strip of tissue connecting two large parts in the body, such as the isthmus that connects the two lobes of the thyroid gland. |
|
|
