Term
| Drug that blocks K+ channel on B cells & has disulfiram effect |
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Definition
Chlopropamide
(other 1st gen sulfonylureas = Acetohexamide & Tolbutamide) |
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Term
| Name 3 fist gen sulfonylureas |
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Definition
| Chlopropamide, Tolbutamide, Acetohexamide |
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Term
| name 3 2nd gen sulfonylureas & their main side effect |
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Definition
Glyburide, Glimepiride, Glipizide
Fasting hypoglycemia |
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Term
| This class of drugs have the same action as Sulfonylureas |
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Definition
| Glinides (e.g. repaglinide) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Insulin-like, so probably something to do w/ PPAR:
Decrease gluconeogenesis
increase glycolysis
increase peripheral glucose uptake |
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Term
| Get lactic acidosis w/ this diabetes drug |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
- Lactic acidosis (so contraindicated in renal failure/CHF)
- GI distress |
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Term
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Definition
| Rosiglitazone, Pioglitazone |
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Term
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Definition
| increase PPAR-gamma activity --> insulin like effects |
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Term
| T/F metformin can be used in T1D? |
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Definition
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Term
| Glitazones/Thiazolidinediones (Rosi & Pio) SE? |
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Definition
Weight gain
Hepatotoxicity
CV toxicity |
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Term
| 2 alpha-glucosidase inhibitors |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| amylin analog --> decrease glucagon |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| increase insulin, decrease glucagon release (incretin action) |
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Term
| Diabetes drug that potentially can cause pancreatitis? |
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Definition
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Term
| Prevents breakdown of GLP1 |
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Definition
| DDP-IV inhibitors ("-gliptins"), e.g. sitagliptin |
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Term
| this will cause the Wolff Chaikoff effect |
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Definition
Lugol's solution
High iodine will decrease thyroid function |
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Term
| Which beta blocker is best to use in thyrotoxicosis? Why? |
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Definition
| Propranolol. It treats symptoms (B-blocking effect) & has an inhibitory effect on the peripheral deiodinase |
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Term
| Name 2 Thioamides & their MOA |
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Definition
Propylthiuracil (PTU) & methimazole
inhibit organification of iodide
PTU also inhibits peripheral deiodinase (T4->T3) |
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Term
| Use these 2 drugs in hyperthyroidism |
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Definition
| PTU & methimazole (thioamides) |
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Term
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Definition
PTU & methimazole
- Skin rash
- agranulocytosis (rare)
- aplastic anemia
- Methimazole can possible cause cretinism (PTU is more protein bound, so less dangerous to fetus) |
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Term
| used to treat hypothyroidism & myxedema |
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Definition
| Levothyroxine (T4) & triiodothyronine (T3) |
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Term
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Definition
JUST LIKE HYPERTHYROIDISM:
Tachycardia
Tremor
Heat intolerance |
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Term
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Definition
GH deficiency
Turners
Others:
chronic renal failure w/ growth failure
HIV associated wasting
Prader-Willi
IUGR (Small for getsational age w/ growth failure)
Short bowel syndrome
SHOX DNA defect (growth failure)
Noonan syndrome (growth failure) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Acromegaly
carcinoid
gastrinoma
glucagonoma |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Clinical uses for oxytocin |
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Definition
Stimulates labor (uterine contractions)
controls uterine hemorrhage
milk letdown |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| demeclocyline (tetracycline family, ADH antagonism) |
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Term
|
Definition
Nephrogenic DI
(and then tetracycline like):
- photosensitivity
- abnormalities of bone/teeth |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Probably the most important hormone used to Tx addison's & CAH |
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Definition
Glucocorticoids
hydrocortisone, prednisone, triamcinolone, dexamethasone, beclomethasone |
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Term
| take this drug for a while, then stop --> adrenal collapse |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
- ACTH stimulation test (adrenal insufficiency)
- ?infantile spasms? |
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Term
| Used to treat Hemophilia A & Von willibrands disease |
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Definition
| desmopressin: it increases factor VIII & vWF release from weibel palade bodies |
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Term
| 3 bisphosphonates & their MOA |
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Definition
- Alendronate
- Etidronate
- Pamidronate
decrease bone reabsorption by stabilizing matrix; induces osteoblasts to decrease osteoclast activity |
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Term
|
Definition
- Paget's
- Postmenopausal osteoporosis
- bisphosphonates are DOC for treating GCC-induced osteoporosis
other bisphosphonates: alendronate & pamidronate |
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Term
| what is osteosarcoma, and what 2 drugs are you concerned about causing it? |
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Definition
cancer of the osteoblasts.
#1 (proven) is Teriparatide (PTH analog)
#2 (unproven, but suspected) are bisphosphonates (alendronate etidronate, pamidronate) |
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Term
| can't use this drug for more than 2 years? |
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Definition
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Term
| can't use this drug for more than 10 years? |
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Definition
| bisphosphonates (alendronate, etidronate, pamidronate) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
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Definition
infertility (pulsitile)
prostate cancer (continuous & use w/ flutamide)
uterine fibroids
endometriosis
(depot form is continuous & will decrease FSH & LH) |
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Term
| 3 testosterone derivatives |
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Definition
methytestosterone
oxandrolone
nandrolone |
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Term
|
Definition
| a testosterone derivative |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| may be used to stimulate anabolism to treat burn patients |
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Definition
| testosterones (methyltestosterone, oxandrolone, nandrolone) |
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Term
| testicular atrophy, decreased LDL, increased HDL, & cholestatic jaundice |
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Definition
| testosterone (methyltestosterone, oxandrolon, nandrolone) |
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Term
| 5 alpha reductase inhibitor |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
(5 alpha reductase inhibitor)
- use in BPH & male pattern baldness
- gynecomastia |
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Term
| non steroidal competetors @ androgen receptor |
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Definition
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Term
| use of flutamide & bicalutamide |
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Definition
(non-steroidal anti androgens)
- prostate cancer |
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Term
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Definition
- inhibits lanosterol --> ergosterol (antifungal)
- inhibits 17,20 lyase (antiandrogen) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| gynecomastia w/ athletes foot |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
| Like spironolactone, but doesn't bind androgen receptors |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
- ethinyl estradiol
- diethystilbestrol (DES)
- mestranol |
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Term
| increase of this cancer w/ use of oral contraceptives w/ ethinyl estradiol |
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Definition
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Term
| cancer associated w/ prenatal DES? |
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Definition
| clear cell carcinoma of vagina |
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Term
| dont use estrogen therapy w/ this breast cancer |
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Definition
| ER-positive breast cancer (remember, they DON'T increase risk of breast cancer) |
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Term
|
Definition
- clomiphene citrate (used for fertility)
- Tamoxifen
- Raloxifen |
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Term
| Use this as a prophylaxis against family Hx of breast cancer |
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Definition
tamoxifen
(prevents ER-positive cancers only) |
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Term
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Definition
|
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Term
| why are progestins added to HRT? |
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Definition
| to prevent endometrial cancer |
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Term
|
Definition
- anastrozole
- exemestane |
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Term
|
Definition
postmenopausal women w/ breast cancer (aromatase inhibitor)
Tamoxifen is more frequently used for this purpose
exemestane is another aromatase inhibitor |
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Term
| Progestin w/ no androgen effects |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
- medroxyprogesterone
- norethidrone
- desogestrel |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
binds progesterone receptor --> reduce endometrial growth & increase vascularization
(other progestins are: medroxyprogesterone & norethidrone) |
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Term
|
Definition
| competitive inhibitor @ progesterone receptor (& GCC receptor) --> abortifacient when used w/ misoprostol) |
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Term
| use these 2 drugs to abort a baby |
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Definition
| Misoprostol (PGE1) & Mefipristone (anti-progesterone) |
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Term
| contraindications for oral contraceptives |
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Definition
Drugs: phenytoin, carbamazepine, lamotrigine, rifampin (P450 inudcers)
Smokers, Hx of thromboembolic event, Hx of estrogen dependent tumor |
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Term
| Prostaglandin used to induce labor |
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Definition
Dinoprostone (PGE2)
opposed to misoprostol (PGE1) used to abort |
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Term
|
Definition
| PGE2 used to induce labor (thin cervix & promote contractions) |
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Term
| Tocolytic drugs (2) & their MOA |
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Definition
Ritodrine & terbutiline
- B2 agonists --> relax uterus |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
alpha-1(A,D) antagonist used for BPH
alpha-1(A,D) receptors are found on prostate, while alpha-1(B) receptors are found on vasculature (doesn't activate the latter, so no vasoconstriction) |
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Term
| alpha-1(B,D) antagonist used for BPH |
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Definition
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Term
| impaired blue-green color vision |
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Definition
| Sildenafil, vardenafil (PGE5 inhibitors used in ED) |
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Term
| never take these drugs w/ nitrites |
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Definition
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Term
| Hot and sweaty, but then Headache, Heartburn, Hypotension |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
Bromocriptine
cabergoline
pergolide |
|
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Term
| bromocriptine, cabergoline, pergolide SE |
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Definition
|
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Term
| CYP11B1 & CYP11B2 inhibitor |
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Definition
| metyrapone (used in cushings & for adrenal insufficiency testing) |
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