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Endocrine Physiology
N/A
45
Physiology
Undergraduate 1
03/15/2015

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Term
What are the actions of hormones?
Definition
carry chemical signals to other cells via the circulation.
Term
Hormone action depends on what?
Definition
binding to a specific receptor on or in target cell.
Term
Peptides are initially made as what?
Definition
prohormones.
Term
Peptides are...
Definition
fast acting with short half-lives.
Term
What is a half-life?
Definition
the time to reduce [hormone] by 1/2.
Term
Peptide receptors are located where?
Definition
cell surface.
Term
Peptides act via what?
Definition
intracellular second messengers.
Term
What are steroid hormones made from?
Definition
cholesterol.
Term
Steroid hormones are bound to what?
Definition
carrier proteins in the plasma.
Term
What is the function of albumin?
Definition
maintains osmotic pressure and can bind up hormones, carrying them through the circulation.
Term
How do steroid hormones enter cells?
Definition
diffusion.
Term
Steroid hormone receptors are located...
Definition
intrecellularly.
Term
What are the actions of steroid hormones?
Definition
interact with DNA, increase mRNA production and increase the synthesis of proteins.
Term
Compared to peptides, steroid hormones have...
Definition
longer half-life.
Term
What are amines made from?
Definition
a single amino acid.
Term
Where is the epinephrine receptor located?
Definition
in membrane.
Term
Where is the thyroxine receptor located?
Definition
intracellularly.
Term
What type of hormones does the pituitary gland release?
Definition
tropic.
Term
Tropic hormones cause target glands to do what?
Definition
release other hormones and stimulate growth and cell division.
Term
What controls the pituitary gland?
Definition
hypothalamus.
Term
The posterior pituitary is also called what?
Definition
neurohypophysis.
Term
The posterior pituitary releases what?
Definition
oxytocin and ADH (vasopressin).
Term
The anterior pituitary is also called what?
Definition
adenohypophysis.
Term
What is the action of prolactin (PRL)?
Definition
stimulates milk production.
Term
What is the action of growth hormone (somatotropin)?
Definition
increases protein synthesis, and inccreases blood glucose levels.
Term
What is the function of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)?
Definition
stimulates growth of gonads.
Term
What is the function of luteinizing hormone (LH)?
Definition
promotes ovulation.
Term
What is the function of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)?
Definition
increases thyroidgland growth and stimulates thyroxin release.
Term
What is the function of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)?
Definition
increases adrenal growth and stimulates cortisol release.
Term
Wat type of hormones are releasing hormones?
Definition
small peptides.
Term
TRH- thyrotropin releasing hormone...
Definition
increases TSH.
Term
CRH- corticotropin releasing hormone...
Definition
increases ACTH.
Term
GnRH- gonadotropin releasing hormone...
Definition
increases LH and FSH.
Term
GnRH uses what type of secretion pattern?
Definition
pulsatile release.
Term
Sustained administration of GnRH causes what?
Definition
downregulation (desensitization) of receptors.
Term
GHRH- growth hormone releasing hormone...
Definition
increases GH.
Term
GHIH- somatostatin...
Definition
decreases GH.
Term
PRH- prolactin releasing hormone...
Definition
increased PRL.
Term
PIH- dopamine...
Definition
decreases PRL.
Term
The origin of defect in a primary endocrine pathology is what?
Definition
last endocrine gland in pathway.
Term
The origin of defect in a secondary endocrine pathology is what?
Definition
central organ (hypothalamic malfunction or disease of anterior pituitary).
Term
A primary pathology may involve:
Definition
hypersecretion (tumour), and hyposecretion (thyroid damage decreasing thyroxin).
Term
Tropic hormones are under what kind of control from target glands?
Definition
negative feedback.
Term
Primary endocrine pathologies effect hormone levels in...
Definition
opposite direction.
Term
Secondary endocrine pathologies effect hormone levels in...
Definition
same direction.
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