Term
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Definition
Short-acting insulin
Mech: binds insulin R → Tyr kinase → incr. glycogen stores (liver/m.), incr. prot synth & K uptake (m.), incr. TG stores (fat)
Use: DM1, DM2; life-threat hyperkalemia; stress-induced hyperglycemia
Tox: hypoglyc, hypersens (rare) |
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Term
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Definition
Short-acting insulin
Mech: binds insulin R → Tyr kinase → incr. glycogen stores (liver/m.), incr. prot synth & K uptake (m.), incr. TG stores (fat)
Use: DM1, DM2; life-threat hyperkalemia; stress-induced hyperglycemia
Tox: hypoglyc, hypersens (rare) |
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Term
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Definition
Short-acting insulin
Mech: binds insulin R → Tyr kinase → incr. glycogen stores (liver/m.), incr. prot synth & K uptake (m.), incr. TG stores (fat)
Use: DM1, DM2; life-threat hyperkalemia; stress-induced hyperglycemia
Tox: hypoglyc, hypersens (rare) |
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Term
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Definition
Intermediate-acting insulin
Mech: binds insulin R → Tyr kinase → incr. glycogen stores (liver/m.), incr. prot synth & K uptake (m.), incr. TG stores (fat)
Use: DM1, DM2; life-threat hyperkalemia; stress-induced hyperglycemia
Tox: hypoglyc, hypersens (rare) |
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Term
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Definition
Long-acting insulin
Mech: binds insulin R → Tyr kinase → incr. glycogen stores (liver/m.), incr. prot synth & K uptake (m.), incr. TG stores (fat)
Use: DM1, DM2; life-threat hyperkalemia; stress-induced hyperglycemia
Tox: hypoglyc, hypersens (rare) |
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Term
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Definition
Long-acting insulin
Mech: binds insulin R → Tyr kinase → incr. glycogen stores (liver/m.), incr. prot synth & K uptake (m.), incr. TG stores (fat)
Use: DM1, DM2; life-threat hyperkalemia; stress-induced hyperglycemia
Tox: hypoglyc, hypersens (rare) |
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Term
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Definition
1st gen sulfonylurea
Mech: close K chan in β-cells → cell depol → incr. Ca influx → trigger insulin release
Note: req's some islet fxn (useless in DM1)
Tox: disulfiram-like |
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Term
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Definition
1st gen sulfonylurea
Mech: close K chan in β-cells → cell depol → incr. Ca influx → trigger insulin release
Note: req's some islet fxn (useless in DM1)
Tox: disulfiram-like |
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Term
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Definition
2nd gen sulfonylurea
Mech: close K chan in β-cells → cell depol → incr. Ca influx → trigger insulin release
Note: req's some islet fxn (useless in DM1)
Tox: hypoglyc |
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Term
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Definition
2nd gen sulfonylurea
Mech: close K chan in β-cells → cell depol → incr. Ca influx → trigger insulin release
Note: req's some islet fxn (useless in DM1)
Tox: hypoglyc |
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Term
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Definition
2nd gen sulfonylurea
Mech: close K chan in β-cells → cell depol → incr. Ca influx → trigger insulin release
Note: req's some islet fxn (useless in DM1)
Tox: hypoglyc |
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Term
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Definition
Biguanide
Mech: possibly decr. gluconeo in hepatic microsomes → overall acts as insulin sensitizer
Use: DM1, DM2
Tox: lactic acidosisAbsolute contra: renal failure (incr. risk of lactic acidosis; must check Cr yearly) |
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Term
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Definition
Glitazone (others: rosiglitazone)
Mech: bind PPAR-γ (intracell steroid R) → incr. gluc/lipid metab gene expr (adiponectin) → incr. target cell resp to insulin
Use: mono or combined for DM2
Tox: wt. gain, edema, hepatotox, CV tox (fluid retention exacerbates CHF)
Note: take days-wks for effect; must monitor LFTs |
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Term
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Definition
α-glucosidase inhibitor
Mech: inhib intest. brush-border α-glucosidases → decr. hydrolysis → decr. abs → decr. postprandial hyperglyc
Use: mono or combo for DM2
Tox: GI |
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Term
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Definition
α-glucosidase inhibitor
Mech: inhib intest. brush-border α-glucosidases → decr. hydrolysis → decr. abs → decr. postprandial hyperglyc
Use: mono or combo for DM2
Tox: GI |
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Term
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Definition
Amylin analog
Mech: decr. glucagon & delay gastric emptying → decr. postprandial hyperglyc
Use: DM2
Tox: hypoglyc, GI |
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Term
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Definition
GLP-1 (incretin) mimetic
Mech: binds surface R → G activ.s AC → decr. glucagon & incr. insulin secr
Use: DM2
Tox: hypoglyc, GI |
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Term
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Definition
Mech: inhibs pancr lipase
Use: l-t obesity management
Tox: steatorrhea, GI, decr. fat-sol. vit.s |
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Term
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Definition
Sympathomimetic
Mech: 5-HT & NE reuptake inhibUse: s-t & l-t obesity management
Tox: HTN, tachycardia |
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Term
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Definition
Thioamide
Mech: inhib organification & coupling of TH synthesis; decr. periph T4=>T3
Use: hyperthyr
Tox: rash, agranulocytosis, aplastic anemia |
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Term
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Definition
Thioamide
Mech: inhib organification & coupling of TH synthesis
Use: hyperthyroid
Tox: rash, agranulocytosis, aplastic anemia |
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Term
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Definition
| Use: GH deficiency, Turner's syndrome |
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Term
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Definition
Somatostatin analog
Use: acromegaly, carcinoid, gastrinoma, glucagonoma |
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Term
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Definition
| Use: stim labor/uterine contractions; milk let-down; controls uterine hemorr |
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Term
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Definition
ADH analog
Use: central DI (not nephrogenic) |
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Term
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Definition
Thyroxine replacement
Use: hypothyr, myxedema |
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Term
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Definition
Glucocorticoid (others: prednisone, triamcinolone, dexamethasone, beclomethasone)
Mech: inhib phospholipase A2 & COX-2 → decr. leukotriene & PG synth
Use: Addison's dz, inflam, immune suppression, asthma
Tox: iatrogenic Cushing's synd; adrenocortical atrophy; DM (if chronic) |
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Term
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Definition
Tetracycline/ADH antag
Use: SIADH
Tox: photosens, abnl bones/teeth, nephrogenic DI |
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Term
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Definition
| Use: administer I.M. if unconsc. d/t hypoglyc in non-medical setting (in medical setting use I.V. glucose) |
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Term
| Propranolol(in tx of hyperthyroidism) |
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Definition
β-blocker
Mech: decr symp outflow for symptomatic relief & decr. periph T4=>T3 |
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Term
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Definition
| Dopamine agonist, used to inhibit prolactin secretion / prolactinoma |
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Term
| Dopamine antagonists (such as antipsychotics) and estrogens |
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Definition
| stimulate prolactin secretion |
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Term
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Definition
| Dopamine agonist, used to inhibit prolactin secretion / prolactinoma |
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