Term
| What are the cell types of a typical parathyroid gland |
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Definition
Oxyphil Cells: Granular Eosinophillic
Cheif Cells: Pale Eosino, secrete PTH
Water Clear cells: Glycogen |
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Term
| What are some signs of Hyperparathyroid |
|
Definition
High Serum Calcium
Renal Calculi
Osteitis Fibrosa Cystica
Emotional Disturbances
Pancreatitis |
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Term
| How would you distinguish hyperparathyroid from other causes of hypercalcemia |
|
Definition
| Glucocorticoid Suppression test: Hyperparathyroid patients will not have a dip in their Ca |
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Term
| How would you distinguish a Parathyroid Adenoma from Parathyroid Hyperplasia |
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Definition
| Adenoma only affect one gland and a rim of normal tissue outside adenoma is seen |
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|
Term
| What is the histology of parthyroid carcinoma |
|
Definition
|
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Term
| What is are the signs of Hypoparathyroid and what is the most common cause |
|
Definition
Alopecia
Mental Retardation
Cataracts
Dental Hypoplasia
Cause: Thyroidectomy |
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Term
| What is the pathogenesis of secondary hypoparathyroid complications? |
|
Definition
Low Ca and High Phosphate-> PTH/Hyperplasia
PTH activates osteoclasts-> Ca |
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|
Term
| What are some physical signs of Pseudohypoparathyroid |
|
Definition
Short
Shortened 4th and 5th metacarpals
Soft tissue nodules |
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Term
| What are the layers of the adrenal cortex and which hormones are produced in each layer? Which layer is the thickest? |
|
Definition
Zona Glomerulosis: Mineralcorticoids
Zona Fasticulatis: Glucocorticoids (Thickest)
Zona Reticularis: Sex Hormones |
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|
Term
| What are the causes of Cushings syndrome |
|
Definition
Pituitary Adenoma
Adrenal Hyperplasia, Carcinoma, Adenoma
Neuroendocrine Tumor
Exogenous Steroids |
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|
Term
| What is the cause of Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia |
|
Definition
| Lack of an enzyme involve in cortical steroid synthesis |
|
|
Term
| What is the most common cause of Waterhouse-Fredrichsen Syndrome |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the signs of Waterhouse Friedrichsen Syndrome |
|
Definition
Hypotension
Purpura/cyanosis
Spiking Fevers |
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|
Term
| What are the clinical signs of Chronic Adrenocortical Insufficiency |
|
Definition
Hyperpigmentation of areas of friction
Hypotension
Weight Loss |
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|
Term
| What are the major causes of Adrenal insufficiency |
|
Definition
Autoimmune(60%)
Infection (TB, Fungal)
Metastasis |
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|
Term
| Why is Pheochromocytoma the 10% tumor |
|
Definition
| 10% bilateral, Malignant, Familial |
|
|
Term
| What is the morphology of a pheochromocytoma |
|
Definition
| Zellballen Pattern (nestlike) |
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|
Term
| What is the cause of a glucocorticoid suppressible Hyperaldosteronism |
|
Definition
| Mutation causing deranged cortical structure where Aldosterone is produced in response to ACTH |
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|
Term
| What is the diagnosis of a child with a peripheral tumor of arranged in pseudorosettes? |
|
Definition
Neuroblastoma
Rosettes are called Homer-Wright Pseudorosetttes |
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