Term
| What are some pathological changes that may occur in the pancreas of a Type I Diabetic |
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Definition
Size and Number reduction in islet cells
Beta Cell Degranulation
Leukocyte Infiltration |
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Term
| Under what circumstances may a patient have a rise in the number and size of their pancreatic islets |
|
Definition
Infant of a Diabetic Mother
Hyperplasia in early Type1 |
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Term
| Typically when would you see fibrosis and amyloid deposition in pancreatic islets |
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Definition
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Term
| What process is responsible for the damage to medium and large vessel in diabetic patients and what are the manifestations |
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Definition
Accelerated Atherosclerosis
Stroke, MI, Peripheral vascular occlusion/claudication |
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Term
| What is the appearance of diabetic damage to small vessel arterioles and capillaries and how do these changes contribute to tissue damage? |
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Definition
BM Thickening (Type IV Collagen) and Microthrombi formation
This damage impairs perfusion and prolongs wound healing
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Term
| What are the typical glomerular lesions seen in diabetics and which are more specific to diabetes |
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Definition
Diffuse Glomerulosclerosis
Fibrin Cap
Specific lesions to diabetics:
K-W Lesions(Nodular Glomerulosclerosis)
Capsular Drop |
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Term
| What are some non-glomerular kidney lesions seen in diabetics |
|
Definition
Hyaline Arteriolosclerosis of Efferent and Afferent Arteries
Necrotizing Papillitis from recurrent pyelonephritis
Tubule Glycogen infilitration(not pathological) |
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Term
| What are the types of retinopathy seen in diabetic patients |
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Definition
Non-proliferative: Microaneurysms cause edema, hemorrhage and exudates
Proliferative: Neovasculation and Fibrosis can cause vitreal hemorhage and Retinal detachment |
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Term
| What lesion is almost always comorbid with microaneurysms of the retina? |
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Definition
| K-W Lesion: Nodular Glomerular Sclerosis |
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|
Term
| Why are diabetic more prone to pyelonephritis |
|
Definition
Autonomic neuropathy leads to bladder dysfunction
Peripheral neuropathy lessens the sensation to infection |
|
|
Term
| What is the cause and typical distribution of diabetic neuropathy |
|
Definition
Polyol Pathway (Sorbitol Accumulation) injures axons and schwann cells
Stocking-Glove Pattern |
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Term
| What are the diagnostic pathological findings of diabetes |
|
Definition
K-W Lesions
Retinopathy
Insulitis
Efferent Arteriolosclerosis |
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Term
| What are some infections more common in diabetics |
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Definition
Cellulitis, Furuncles, Carbuncles
Candida Vulvovaginitis
Rhinocerebral Mucormycosis (Deadly)
Malignant External Otitis from pseudomonas(Deadly) |
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