Term
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Definition
based in an amino acid
thyroid hormone, epinephrine |
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Term
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Definition
based on short sequences, polypeptide chins
ADH, insulin |
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Term
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Definition
longer chains with carbohydrates
FSH, LH |
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Term
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Definition
based in cholesterol
estradiol, testosterone, aldosterone |
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Term
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Definition
hormones that "like" fats
cross more easily into a cell through the phospolipid bilayer
"oids" |
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Term
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Definition
hormone that don't like fats
cannot cross easily into the cell
receptors are on the cells surface
polypeptides, catecholamines, glycoproteins |
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Term
| hormones and neurotransmitters |
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Definition
must be specific receptor proteins
target cell must respond with specific events
must be a way to turn off response |
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Term
| synergistic- hormone interactions |
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Definition
two or more hormones work together
can be additive or complimentary |
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Term
| permissive-hormone interactions |
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Definition
one hormone
enhances responsiveness of target cell to another hormone
increases the activity of another |
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Term
| antagonist-hormone interactions |
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Definition
| two hormones have opposite effects |
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Term
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Definition
the time it takes for the original concentration of the hormone to decrease by one half
helps determine dosing and schedule and duration of effects |
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Term
| physiological concentrations |
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Definition
| associated with the body's normal release of hormones |
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Term
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Definition
found when giving a person exogenous hormones and are often higher than physiologic
more often associated with side effects as higher concentrations may trigger unwanted receptors. |
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Term
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Definition
priming effect
gland releases a small amount of hormone which triggers an increase in receptors in the target cell to get ready for a big release
allows for an enhanced response when more hormone is later released |
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Term
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Definition
desensitization
high amounts of a hormone cause a decrease in number of receptors
helps in regulating amount and duration of response by target cells |
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Term
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Definition
| target cells all have specific receptors for their hormone |
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Term
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Definition
| utilized by lipophilic hormones |
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Term
| nuclear receptor structures |
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Definition
2 domains
one binds to the hormone
one binds to the DNA |
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Term
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Definition
| target cells dna specific area where the receptor can bind |
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Term
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Definition
having to have 2 hormones to bind to get the DNA to respond
Steroids- identical hormones bind
thyroids-subunits are not identical |
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Term
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Definition
| steroids bind in the cytoplasm after entering the cell and thyroids bind in the nucleus!!! |
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Term
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Definition
| utilized by non-lipophilic hormones |
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Term
| second messenger structure |
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Definition
| protein receptor embedded in target cell |
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Term
| second messenger function |
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Definition
hormone binds to membrane receptor causes g proteins to associate
binding triggers a series of events that cause production of cAMP
cAMP causes a phosphorylation cascade which can activate r inhibit enzymes leading to the cell response |
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Term
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Definition
act on the same cell type that produce them
ex:endothelial cells working on endothelial cells |
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Term
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Definition
produces by one tissue act on another (works on different cell types)
Ex:endothelial cells working on platelets |
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Term
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Definition
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