Term
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Definition
| Thyroid Releasing Hormone |
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Term
|
Definition
| Corticoid Releasing Hormone |
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Term
|
Definition
| Thyroid Stimulating Hormone |
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Term
|
Definition
| Adrenal Corticotropic Hormone |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
| Hypothalamus --> Thyroid Gland Pathway |
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Definition
| Hypothalamus releases TRH --> anterior pituitary releases TSH --> thyroid gland release T3 and T4 |
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Term
| Hypothalamus -->Adrenal Gland Pathway |
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Definition
| Hypothalamus releases CRH --> anterior pituitary releases ACTH --> adrenal gland releases glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, and sex steroids |
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Term
|
Definition
congenital (cretinism)
post-hyperthyroid treatment
defective hormone synthesis (autoimmune, drug-induced, iodine deficiency)
insufficient stimulation |
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Term
|
Definition
| Hypothalamus release TRH --> Anterior Pituitary releases TSH --> thyroid --> decreased T3, T4 to the cells --> decreased cell metabolism and decreased response to SNS stimulation |
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Term
| Hypothyroidism Clinical Manifestations |
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Definition
| Enlarged Thyroid (goiter) |
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Term
| Hypothyroidism Clinical Manifestations r/t slowed body metabolism |
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Definition
| weight gain, dry skin and hair, lethargy, forgetfulness, depression, slow movements, constipation, sensitivity to cold, edema |
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Term
| Hypothyroidism Clinical Manifestations r/t |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Hypothyroidism Diagnosis and Treatment |
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Definition
Low T3, T4, high OR low TSH
Thyroid hormone replacement |
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|
Term
Hyperthyroidism Etio
("Graves Disease") |
|
Definition
tumors
increased TSH secretion
genetic
autoimmune |
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|
Term
| Hyperthyroidism Pathophys |
|
Definition
| Hypothalamus releases TRH --> anterior pituitary releases TSH --> thyroid releases too much T3, T4 to cells --> increased cell metabolism and increased response to SNS stimulation |
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|
Term
| Hyperthyroidism Clinical Manifestations r/t Increased Metabolism |
|
Definition
| weight loss, restlessness, quick movements, insomnia, sweating, flushing, warm skin, intolerance to heat, exophathalamus (increased pressure in muscles behind eyes), diarrhea |
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Term
| Hyperthyroidism Clinical Manifestations r/t increased response to SNS |
|
Definition
| increased HR and cardiac output |
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Term
| Hyperthyroidism Diagnosis and Treatment |
|
Definition
Low TSH
Radioactive iodine therapy, thyroidectomy |
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Term
|
Definition
Untreated hyperthyroidism
extreme stresses (surgery) |
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Term
| Thyroid Storm Clinical Manifestations |
|
Definition
high fever
severe tachycardia
irritability, delirium
N/V, diarrhea |
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
tumors
autoimmune
immediate withdrawal of glucocorticoid meds (prednisone) |
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|
Term
| Addison's Disease Pathophys |
|
Definition
| Hypothal releases CRF --> anterior pituitary releases ACTH --> adrenal gland releases decreased amount of corticosteroids |
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|
Term
| Addison's Disease Clinical Manifestations r/t Decreased Glucorticoids (less cortisol) |
|
Definition
decreased liver gluconeogenesis
hypoglycemia |
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Term
| Addison's Disease Clinical Manifestations r/t decreased mineralocorticoids (less aldosterone) |
|
Definition
fluid and electrolyte imbalances
Na+ and H2O excretion
Hypotension
Hyponatremia |
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|
Term
| Addison's Clinical Manifestations r/t Decreased Adrenal Androgens |
|
Definition
(mostly in females)
loss of secondary sex characteristics |
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Term
|
Definition
| sudden decrease or absence of adrenocortical hormones |
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|
Term
|
Definition
stress/illness
sudden withdrawal of corticosteroid meds |
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Term
|
Definition
| overactivity of the adrenal gland with hypersecretion of the corticosteroids |
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Term
|
Definition
tumor of the adrenal gland
hyperplasia |
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|
Term
| Cushing's Syndrome Pathophys |
|
Definition
| Hypothalamus releases CRF --> anterior pituitary release ATCH --> adrenal gland releases too much corticosteroids |
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|
Term
| Cushing's Syndrome Clinical Manifestations r/t Increased Action of Alucocorticoids |
|
Definition
hyperglycemia/insulin resistance
weight gain and abnormal fat distribution (moon face, truncal obesity, buffalo hump)
protein wasting (osteoporosis-lose protein matrix of bone, thin skin, visible capillaries-loss of collagen) |
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|
Term
| Cushing's Syndrome Clinical Manifestations r/t Increased Aldosterone |
|
Definition
increase Na+ and H2O retention
HTN
hypernatremia |
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|
Term
| Cushing's Syndrome Clinical Manifestations r/t Increased Androgens |
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| deficiency of ADH resulting in H2O imbalance=TOO MUCH DIURESIS |
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Term
|
Definition
genetic
trauma/neurogenic
infections
medications
nephrogenic
feedback mechanisms hyperactive |
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Term
| Diabetes Insipidus Pathophys |
|
Definition
| Hypothalamus stimulates the Post Pituitary Gland which releases too little ADH --> decreased H2O reabsorption --> decreased urinary output |
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|
Term
| Diabetes Insipidius Clinical Manifestations r/t Failure of Nephrons to Reabsorb H2O |
|
Definition
large, dilute UOP
hypernatremia
polyuria
polydipsia |
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|
Term
| Sydrome of Inappropriate ADH (SIADH) |
|
Definition
| excessive amounts of ADH resulting in H20 imbalance=TOO MUCH anti-diuresis=retention of TOO MUCH H20 |
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|
Term
|
Definition
trauma
medications
tumors producing ADH
infected lung tissue producing ADH
post-pituitary surgery
feedback inhibition hypoactive |
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|
Term
| SIADH Clinical Manifestation r/t free H20 Retention |
|
Definition
hyponatremia
HTN
edema
low concentrated UOP
increased urine sodium |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| deficiency of one or more hormones of the pituitary |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| oversecretion of one or more of the hormones of the pituitary |
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|
Term
| Metabolic Syndrome Features |
|
Definition
insulin resistance
HTN
central obesity
high lipids/cholesterol |
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|
Term
| Metabolic Syndrome (Must have 3 of these components) |
|
Definition
triglycerides > 150 mg/dL
HDL < 40 mg/dL
FBS > 110 mg/dL
SBP >130 or DBP > 85
Obesity (BMI > 28.8) |
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|
Term
| Metabolic Syndrome Pathophys |
|
Definition
(not exactly known, complex and multifactorial)
genetic, obesity, lack of exercise
systemic inflammation (increased CRP, increased fibrinogen) |
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