Term
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Definition
Uses: rapid acting, given pc to control postprandial rise in glucose
MOA: O: 15-30 min, P: 0.5-2.5 hr, D: 3-6 hr
NI: Deliver: subQ, IV |
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Term
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Definition
Uses: control postprandial, basal glycemic control
MOA: O: 30-60 min P: 1-5 hr D: 6-10 hr
NI: deliver: subQ, IV |
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Term
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Definition
Uses: intermediate action, not given with meals
MOA: O: 1-2 hrs P: 6-14 hrs D: 16-24
NI: cloudy, needs to be agitated before administration |
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Term
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Definition
Uses: Long duration, daily control
MOA: O: 70 min, P: n/a, D: 24 hr
NI: |
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Term
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Definition
Uses: DMII
MOA: decrease insulin resistance
Adverse Effects: decrease appetite, N/D, lactic acidosis (metformin)
Drug Interactions: GI--> no alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, incretin mimetics, amylin mimetics, alcohol (lactic acidosis)
NI: ex: Metformin (Glucophage), absorbed in the small intestine, excreted by kidney |
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Term
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Definition
Uses: DMII
MOA: increase insulin production, increase insulin sensitivity
Adverse Effects: hypoglycemia
Drug Interactions: alcohol, beta blockers, NSAIDs, sulfonamide antibx, & cimetidine (intensify hypoglycemia)
NI: ex. glipizide & glyburide |
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Term
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Definition
Uses: DMII
MOA: increase glucose-dependent insulin production, DPP4 inhibitor
Adverse Effects: URIs, nasoesophageal inflammation, (pancreatitis, hypersensitivity)
Drug Interactions:
NI: Sitagliptin (Januvia) |
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Term
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Definition
Uses: DMII
MOA: increase insulin production; hepatic metabolism, bile excretion
Adverse Effects: hypoglycemia
Drug Interactions: Gemfibrozil (Lopid)--inhibits metabolism, lowers trigs
NI: ex. Repaglinide (Prandin); PtEd: eat w/in 30 min to prevent hypoglycemia |
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Term
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Definition
Uses: DMII
MOA: decrease insulin resistance, decreases glucose production in liver
Adverse Effects: hypoglycemia (w/ too much insulin), water retention, liver damage, bladder cancer, fractures, & increased ovulation, rosiglitazone rarely prescribed due to increased risk for cardiac death
Drug Interactions:
NI: ex. Rosiglitazone (Avandia) Pioglitazone (Actose) |
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Term
| Alpha glucosidase inhibitors |
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Definition
Uses: DMII
MOA: prevention of carb breakdown and absorption
Adverse Effects: flatulence, cramps, abd distension, borborygmus, hypoglycemia (with insulin or sulfonylurea), liver dysfunction long term
Drug Interactions: GI--> no biguanides, incretin mimetics, amylin mimetics
NI: ex. acarbose (precose); PtEd: must be taken w/ every meal |
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Term
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Definition
Uses: DMII
MOA: increase glucose-dependent insulin production, slowing gastric emptying--suppresses appetite
Adverse Effects: N/V/D, hypoglycemia (w/ sulfonylurea), pancreatitis, renal impairment
Drug Interactions: GI--> no alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, biguanides, amylin mimetics
NI: Ex: Exenatide (Byetta); adjunctive! Taken SubQ ac |
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Term
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Definition
fast-acting oral sugar (not complex table sugar)
IV glucose--> 1 amp D50
parenteral glucagon |
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Term
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Definition
occurs in DMI
sickly sweet & urine
Glums >= 300
pH: <= 7.3
hyperketonemia/-urea
rapid onset (4-10 hr)
Kussmaul respirations
&
IV insulin, bicarbonate infusion, NS, and K replacement |
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Term
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Definition
DMII
gradual onset
Glum >= 600
hemoconcentration (high crit, Hb)
&
IV insulin
fluid/electrolyte replacement/correction |
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