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Endocrine Control of Growth and Metabolism
N/a
14
Physiology
Undergraduate 2
05/09/2014

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Term
What determines the magnitude of a target cell's response?
Definition
The amount of active hormone available to the cell and the number and activity of target cell receptors. Cells ay up regulate or down regulate their receptors to alter their response.
Term
Endocrine pathologies result from what three things?
Definition
excess hormone secretion, inadequate hormone secretion, and abnormal target cell response to the hormone.
Term
The _________ __________ is composed of modified sympathetic ganglia that secrete catecholamines (mostly epinephrine) to mediate rapid responses in the fight-or-flight situations and takes up a little over a quarter of the inner mass of the adrenal glands.
Definition
adrenal medulla
Term
The ________ _________ secretes a variety of steroid hormones and forms the outer three quarters of the adrenal gland.
Definition
adrenal cortex
Term
The adrenal cortex secrets three major types of steroid hormones: _______, _________, and ________.
Definition
aldosterone (sometimes called a mineralocorticoid because of its effect on Na and P), glucocorticoids, and sex hormones.
Term
The inner zone of the adrenal cortex, zona reticular is, secretes mostly ______, the sex hormones dominant in men.
Definition
androgens
Term
The middle zone fasciculata secretes mostly ____________, named for their ability to increase plasma glucose concentrations.
Definition
glucocorticoids
Term
__________ is the main glucocorticoid secreted by the adrenal cortex.
Definition
cortisol
Term
All steroid hormones begin with _______, which is modified by multiple enzymes to end up as aldosterone, glucocorticoids, or sex steroids.
Definition
cholesterol
Term
The control pathway for cortisol secretion is the _______ ________ _________ ________.
Definition
hypothalamic pituitary adrenal pathway (HPA)
Term
The HPA pathway begins with hypothalamic __________ ____________ ________, which is secreted in to the hypothalamic- hypophyseal portal system and transported to the anterior pituitary.
Definition
corticotropin-releasing hormone
Term
CRH stimulates release of ________________ _______ from the anterior pituitary.
Definition
adrenocorticotropic hormone
Term
____________ acts on the adrenal cortex to promote synthesis and release of cortisol.
Definition
adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Term
Cortisol acts as a negative feedback signal, inhibiting _____ and ______ secretion.
Definition
ACTH and CRH
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