Term
| What determines the magnitude of a target cell's response? |
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Definition
| The amount of active hormone available to the cell and the number and activity of target cell receptors. Cells ay up regulate or down regulate their receptors to alter their response. |
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Term
| Endocrine pathologies result from what three things? |
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Definition
| excess hormone secretion, inadequate hormone secretion, and abnormal target cell response to the hormone. |
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Term
| The _________ __________ is composed of modified sympathetic ganglia that secrete catecholamines (mostly epinephrine) to mediate rapid responses in the fight-or-flight situations and takes up a little over a quarter of the inner mass of the adrenal glands. |
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Definition
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Term
| The ________ _________ secretes a variety of steroid hormones and forms the outer three quarters of the adrenal gland. |
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Definition
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Term
| The adrenal cortex secrets three major types of steroid hormones: _______, _________, and ________. |
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Definition
| aldosterone (sometimes called a mineralocorticoid because of its effect on Na and P), glucocorticoids, and sex hormones. |
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Term
| The inner zone of the adrenal cortex, zona reticular is, secretes mostly ______, the sex hormones dominant in men. |
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Definition
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Term
| The middle zone fasciculata secretes mostly ____________, named for their ability to increase plasma glucose concentrations. |
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Definition
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Term
| __________ is the main glucocorticoid secreted by the adrenal cortex. |
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Definition
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Term
| All steroid hormones begin with _______, which is modified by multiple enzymes to end up as aldosterone, glucocorticoids, or sex steroids. |
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Definition
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Term
| The control pathway for cortisol secretion is the _______ ________ _________ ________. |
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Definition
| hypothalamic pituitary adrenal pathway (HPA) |
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Term
| The HPA pathway begins with hypothalamic __________ ____________ ________, which is secreted in to the hypothalamic- hypophyseal portal system and transported to the anterior pituitary. |
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Definition
| corticotropin-releasing hormone |
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Term
| CRH stimulates release of ________________ _______ from the anterior pituitary. |
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Definition
| adrenocorticotropic hormone |
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Term
| ____________ acts on the adrenal cortex to promote synthesis and release of cortisol. |
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Definition
| adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) |
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Term
| Cortisol acts as a negative feedback signal, inhibiting _____ and ______ secretion. |
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Definition
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