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| Around, beside, beyond, abnormal |
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| Specialist who studies and treats |
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| Condition of, formation, development, growth |
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| Endocrine System Word Roots (In Combining Form) |
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| Cortex, outer layer of a body organ |
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| Endocrine System Abbreviations and Acronyms |
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| A hormone produced by the adrenal glands that helps regulate blood pressure and balance electrolytes by promoting sodium retention and potassium excretion. |
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| ACTH = Adrenocorticotropic Hormone |
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| A hormone produced by the pituitary gland that stimulates the adrenal glands to release cortisol, which helps regulate stress, metabolism, and immune response. |
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| ADH = Antidiuretic Hormone |
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| A hormone produced by the hypothalamus and stored in the pituitary gland that regulates water balance in the body by reducing urine production and increasing water reabsorption in the kidneys. |
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| DKA = Diabetic Ketoacidosis |
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| A serious complication of diabetes where the body produces high levels of blood acids (ketones) due to insufficient insulin, often accompanied by high blood sugar levels and dehydration. |
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| A group of metabolic disorders characterized by high blood sugar levels resulting from either insufficient insulin production (type 1) or resistance to insulin (type 2). |
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| A hormone and neurotransmitter, also known as adrenaline, produced by the adrenal glands to prepare the body for the "fight or flight" response by increasing heart rate, blood flow, and energy availability. |
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| FBS = Fasting Blood Sugar |
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| A test that measures blood glucose levels after an overnight fast to help diagnose diabetes or monitor blood sugar control. |
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| FSH = Follicle-Stimulating Hormone |
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| A hormone produced by the pituitary gland that plays a critical role in reproductive processes, including the maturation of eggs in females and the production of sperm in males. |
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| An autoimmune disorder that causes hyperthyroidism, where the immune system attacks the thyroid gland, leading to overproduction of thyroid hormones. |
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| HGH = Human Growth Hormone |
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| A hormone produced by the pituitary gland that stimulates growth, cell reproduction, and regeneration in the body, particularly during childhood and adolescence. |
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| LADA = Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults |
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| A form of type 1 diabetes that develops more slowly and typically occurs in adults, often misdiagnosed as type 2 diabetes due to its gradual onset. |
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| LADA = Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults |
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| A form of type 1 diabetes that develops more slowly and typically occurs in adults, often misdiagnosed as type 2 diabetes due to its gradual onset. |
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| OGTT = Oral Glucose Tolerance Test |
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| A test that measures blood sugar levels before and after drinking a glucose-containing solution to diagnose diabetes or gestational diabetes. |
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| RAI = Radioactive Iodine Treatment |
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| A therapy using radioactive iodine to destroy overactive thyroid cells, commonly used to treat hyperthyroidism or thyroid cancer. |
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| TSH = Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone |
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| A hormone produced by the pituitary gland that regulates the production of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) by stimulating the thyroid gland. |
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| A condition caused by adrenal insufficiency, leading to reduced production of cortisol and aldosterone. Symptoms include fatigue, hyperpigmentation, low blood pressure, and weight loss. |
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| A disorder caused by excessive cortisol levels, often due to a pituitary adenoma or long-term corticosteroid use. Symptoms include moon face, central obesity, purple striae, and hypertension. |
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| An autoimmune disorder leading to hypothyroidism due to chronic inflammation of the thyroid gland. Symptoms include fatigue, weight gain, cold intolerance, and dry skin. |
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| Clusters of endocrine cells in the pancreas that secrete insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin. Dysfunction can lead to diabetes mellitus or other metabolic disorders. |
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