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| Good, normal Example: Euthyroid: A state in which the thyroid gland functions normally, producing the right levels of thyroid hormones necessary for metabolism and growth. |
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| Above, excessive Example: Hyperthyroidism: A condition in which the thyroid gland produces excessive thyroid hormones, leading to symptoms such as rapid heartbeat, weight loss, and nervousness. |
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| Below, under, deficient Example: Hypoglycemia: A condition characterized by abnormally low blood sugar levels, often causing symptoms such as dizziness, shakiness, and confusion. |
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| Rapid, sharp, acid Example: Oxytocin: A hormone released by the pituitary gland that stimulates uterine contractions during childbirth and the release of milk during breastfeeding. |
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| All, total Example: Panhypopituitarism: A condition in which the pituitary gland fails to produce or secretes all of its hormones, leading to a wide range of endocrine dysfunctions. |
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| Around, beside, beyond, abnormal Example: Parathyroid: Small glands located beside the thyroid gland, responsible for regulating calcium levels in the blood and bone metabolism. |
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| Many or much Example: Polyuria: Excessive urination, a common symptom of diabetes mellitus due to high blood sugar levels affecting kidney function. |
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| Joined, together Example: Synergistic hormones: Hormones that work together to amplify their effects, such as insulin and growth hormone in promoting cell growth. |
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| Four Example: Tetralogy of Fallot: A condition involving four congenital heart defects that may indirectly affect endocrine function due to oxygenation issues. |
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| Three Example: Triiodothyronine (T3): A thyroid hormone that contains three iodine atoms and plays a critical role in regulating metabolism and energy levels. |
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| Absence of, without Example Azoospermia: The absence of sperm in semen, which can cause male infertility and may result from blockages or testicular failure. |
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| Absence of, without Example Anovulation: The absence of ovulation, often leading to infertility and irregular menstrual cycles, commonly caused by hormonal imbalances or polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). |
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| Painful, difficult Example Dysmenorrhea – Painful menstrual cramps, often caused by uterine contractions or underlying conditions like endometriosis. |
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| Within Example Endometritis: Inflammation of the inner lining of the uterus (endometrium), often caused by infection or retained tissue after childbirth or miscarriage. |
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| Above Example Epidural: Pertaining to the area upon or above the dura mater of the spinal cord, commonly referring to a type of anesthesia used during childbirth to provide pain relief while allowing the patient to remain awake and alert. |
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| Above, excessive Example Hypergonadism: A condition characterized by excessive activity of the gonads (testes in males and ovaries in females), leading to overproduction of sex hormones, which can result in early puberty, menstrual irregularities, or fertility issues. |
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| Below Example:Hypogonadism: Reduced function of the gonads (testes or ovaries), leading to decreased hormone production and issues like infertility or delayed puberty. |
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| Small amount Example: oligospermia: A condition characterized by a low sperm count in semen, often contributing to male infertility. |
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| Near Example: Parovarian cyst: A fluid-filled cyst near the ovary, usually arising from the remnants of embryonic structures. |
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| Surrounding Example: Perimetrium: The outermost layer of the uterus, surrounding the uterine wall and providing structural support. |
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| Through,across,beyond Example: Transvaginal ultrasound: An imaging procedure where a probe is inserted through the vaginal canal to obtain detained images of reproductive organs like the uterus and ovaries. |
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Run, running together
Example: Syndrome: A group of symptoms or signs that occur together, such as Cushing's syndrome, which results from excessive cortisol production by the adrenal glands. |
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Excision, cut out
Example: Thyroidectomy: Surgical removal of the thyroid gland,often performed to treat conditions such as hyperthyroidism, thyroid cancer, or goiters. |
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Conditon of the blood
Example:Hyperglycemia:High levels of glucose in the blood, commonly associated with diabetes mellitus and requiring careful monitoring and management. |
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State of
Example:Hypothyroidism: A state of underactive thyroid function, resulting in reduced production of thyroid hormones and symptoms like fatigue, weight gain, and cold intolerance. |
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Inflammation
Example:Thyroiditis: Inflammation of the thyroid gland, which may result from autoimmune conditions like Hashimoto's thyroiditis or infections. |
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Specialist who studies and treats
Example: Endocrinologist: A medical specialist who studies and treats disorders of the endocrine system, such as diabetes, thyroid disease, and hormonal imbalances. |
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Study of
Example: Endocrinology:The study of the endocrine system, including the glands, hormones, and their related disease. |
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Enlarged,enlargement
Example: Acrpmegaly:Abnormal enlargement of extremities caused by excessive growth hormone secretion from the pituitary gland in adulthood. |
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