Term
| Pituitary Gland lies where, in relation to the Hypothalamus? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does the adrenal cortex produce? |
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Definition
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Term
| How do steroid hormones pass into the plasma membrane? |
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Definition
| Passively, or with a transporter, then bind to a receptor. |
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Term
| Type of mineralcorticoid: |
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Definition
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Term
| What does Aldosterone promote? |
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Definition
Sodium retention.
Potassium elimination by the kidney.
Expands extracellular fluid. |
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Term
| Primary Hyperaldosteronism: |
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Definition
Conn's Syndrome:
- Retention of sodium.
- Inc. water retention.
- High blood pressure. |
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Term
| Secondary Hyperaldosteronism: |
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Definition
| Increased renin (pregnancy, chronic heart failure) |
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Term
| Primary Hypoaldosteronism: |
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Definition
- Adrenal insufficiency.
- Aldosterone synthase deficiency (rare)
- Diuretics, NSAIDs
- Shock |
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Term
| Secondry Hypoaldosteronism: |
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Definition
- Decreased angiotensin 2
- Diabetic nephropathy
- ACE (angiotensin converting enzyme) inhibitors |
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Term
| How does hypotension disrupt the aldosterone system? |
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Definition
- Defective aldosterone synthesis.
- Defect in mineralcorticoid receptor-MR
- Loss of function in epithelial Na channel |
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Term
| How does hypertension disrupt the aldosterone system? |
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Definition
- Gain function of epithelial Na channel - Liddle's syndrome.
- Licorice intoxication
- Syndrome of Apparent Mineralcorticoid Excess (AME) - impaired conversion of cortisol to cortisone, absence of 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11BHSD) NB: cortisol activates MR as does aldosterone. |
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Term
| How is licorice connected to hypertension? |
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Definition
Large quantities cause hypertension by inhibiting 11Beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase.
Excessive production of cortisol can cause hypertension by overwhelming 11B HSD. |
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Term
| Pharmacological agents used to treat Hyperaldosteronism: |
|
Definition
Spironolactone.
Amiloride.
Dexamethasone. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Aldosterone antagonist; binds to aldosterone receptor - corrects K+ and can inhibit testosterone. |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| Glucocorticoid used to suppress ACTH |
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Term
| Pharmacological agents used to treat Hypoaldosteronism: |
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Definition
| Mineralcorticoids: fludrocorticosterone - may also need cortisol. |
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Term
| What is the major glucocorticoid in humans? |
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Definition
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Term
| How much cortisol is secreted daily in a normal, stress-free adult? |
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Definition
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