Term
| What is SIADH and what are 4 results of it? |
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Definition
Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion:
Excessive water retention
Hyponatremia (too much water, not less Na+)- seizures
Urine osmolarity>serum osmolarity
Low aldosterone |
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Term
| What 4 things can cause SIADH? |
|
Definition
1. ectopic ADH (small cell lung cancer)
2. head trauma
3. Pulmonary disease
4. Drugs |
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Term
|
Definition
| water restriction + demeclocycline |
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Term
| Name 5 causes of hypopituitarism |
|
Definition
1. Nonsecreting pituitary adenoma or craniopharyngioma
2. Sheehan's syndrome
3. Empty sella syndrome
4. Brain injury, hemorrhage
5. Radiation |
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Term
| What is Sheehan's syndrome? |
|
Definition
| Hypopituitarism from hemorrhagic or ischemic infarct of pituitary. Happens with postpartum bleeding. Presents with no lactation. |
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Term
| What is Empty sella syndrome? |
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Definition
Hypopituitarism from unexplained atrophy of pituitary in obese women
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Term
What is Kallman' Syndrome?
5 symptoms |
|
Definition
Failure of GNRH to migrate from olfactory placode to hypothalamus due to Kalig-1 gene mutation.
Causes hypogonadism, delayed puberty, anosmia, color blind, cleft palate |
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Term
| Which type of diabetes mellitus had diabetic ketoacidosis? |
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Definition
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Term
| What's the main difference on histo between DM type 1 and 2 |
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Definition
Type 1: islet leukocyte infiltrate
Type 2: islet amyloid deposit |
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Term
| What causes small vessel disease in DM? |
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Definition
| nonezymatic glycosylation leads to diffuse thickening of vessel basement membranes |
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Term
| 2 HLA subtypes associated with DM type 1 |
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Definition
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Term
| Which is the prefferential ketone made in diabetic ketoacidosis? |
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Definition
| β-hydroxybutyrate>acetoacetate |
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Term
| 4 lab findings in diabetic ketoacidosis |
|
Definition
hyperglycemia
↑ H+
↓ HCO_ (metabolic acidosis)
Hyperkalemia (but decreased intracellular K+) |
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Term
| List 2 infectious complications of diabetic ketoacidosis |
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Definition
Life-threatening mucormycosis
Rhizopus infection |
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Term
| 3 things given to treat diabetic ketoacidosis (in a hospital) |
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Definition
IV fluids
IV insulin
K+
(glucose if necessary) |
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Term
| What causes carcinoid syndrome? |
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Definition
carcinoid (neuroendocrine) tumors of the GI tract secrete high levels of serotonin (5-HT)
If tumor is only in GI tract, can't happen |
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Term
| Give 4 symptoms of carcinoid syndrome |
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Definition
Recurrent diarrhea
Cutaneous flushing
Asthmatic wheezing
Right sided valvular disease |
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Term
| What is the most common tumor of the appendix? |
|
Definition
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Term
| What is a lab finding in carcinoid syndrome? |
|
Definition
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Term
| What is given to treat carcinoid syndrome? |
|
Definition
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