Term
| What is the most common adrenal tumor in kids vs. adults? |
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Definition
Adults: pheochromocytoma
Kids: neuroblastoma |
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Term
| What does the Zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex make and what is it stimulated by? |
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Definition
Stimulated by: renin-angiotensin
Makes: aldosterone |
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Term
| What does the Zona Fasciculata of the adrenal cortex make and what is it stimulated by? |
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Definition
Stimulated by: ACTH
Makes: Cortisol |
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Term
| What does the Zona Reticularis of the adrenal cortex make and what is it stimulated by (2)? |
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Definition
Stimulated by: ACTH and hypothalamic corticotropin-releasing hormone
Makes: sex hormones (androgens) |
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Term
| What's in the adrenal medulla and what does it do? |
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Definition
Chromaffin cells:
Catecholamine (Epi, NE) producing cells of the adrenal medulla |
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Term
| What stimulates the adrenal chromaffin cells? |
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Definition
| Preganglionic sympathetic fibers |
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Term
Describe the configuration of the fetal adrenal gland
What changes does it go through and why is this important? |
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Definition
Inner fetal zone and outer adult zone (inactive until late in gestation)
Late in gestation, the fetal pituitary secretes ACTH and CRH (corticotropin releasing hormone) which stimulates the adult zone to secrete cortisol which is needed for lung development. |
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Term
| Where do adrenal veins drain to? |
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Definition
Same as left and right gonadal vein.
Left drains left adrenal vein to left renal vein to IVC
Right drains right adrenal vein straight to IVC |
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Term
Name 2 things secreted by the neurohypophysis (post. pituitary).
Describe the process of their production. |
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Definition
vasopressin (ADH) and oxytocin
Made by the hypothalamus and carried to the post. pituitaty by neurophysins. |
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Term
| Name 7 things produced by the adenohypophysis (ant. pituitary) |
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Definition
FSH
LH
ACTH
TSH
prolactin
GH
melanotropin (MSH) |
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Term
| Which 2 things secreted by the adenohypophysis (ant. pituitary) are acidophiles? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which 4 things secreted by the adenohypophysis (ant. pituitary) are Basophiles? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which 4 hormones have the same α subunit in common? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does the β unit of a hormone determine? |
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Definition
| determines its specificity |
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Term
| 3 cells types in the pancreatic islets of Langerhans, where each cell is, and what each produces |
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Definition
α= glucagon (peripheral cell)
β= insulin (central cell)
δ= somatostatin (interspersed) |
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Term
| What process causes release of insulin from pancreatic β cells? |
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Definition
| ATP from glucose metabolism closes K+ channels and depolarizes the cells |
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Term
| Does insulin cross the placenta? |
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Definition
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Term
| Name 2 things that increase insulin release |
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Definition
hyperglycemia
β2 agonists |
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Term
| Name 3 things that decrease insulin release. |
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Definition
Hypoglycemia
Somatostatin
α2 agonists |
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Term
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Definition
it's cleaved from pro-insulin to form active insulin
not present with exogenous insulin intake |
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