Term
|
Definition
PO: chronic hypertension
DCT: blocks Na/Cl reabsorption
AE: hypokalemia, dehydration, uric acid accum, hyperglycemia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1x/day
decreases Na/Cl reabsorption |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
IV: #1 for acute treatment
also available PO
loop diuretic |
|
|
Term
| What is number one for acute/e,mergency treatment of HT? |
|
Definition
IV furosemide
AE: hypokalemia, dehydration, uric acid accum, hyperglycemia |
|
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Term
|
Definition
K+ sparking loop diuretic
competitive inhibitor of aldosterone
also used to tx heart failure |
|
|
Term
| What are the drugs used to reduce plasma volume in hypertension? |
|
Definition
furosemide: emergency
spironolactone
chrlorothalidone
HCT |
|
|
Term
| What are the adverse effects of medications that reduce plasma volume? |
|
Definition
| dehydration, hypokalemia, uric acid accumulation, hyperglycemia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
generates methlyNE (less potent): vasodilation, slight bradycardia
IV/PO: slow (1-2 week) onset
>12 hour duration
AE: heavy sedation, false + coombs test, impotence |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
PO/IV/skin patch/sublingual
alpha 2 agonist
used for HTN crisis, alcohol withdrawal, causes bradycardia
AE: constipation, dry mouth |
|
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Term
|
Definition
last resort
IV
displaces NE from vesicle into cytoplasm where it is degraded (decreased stim of alpha 1)
AE: tolerance in 2 days, diarrhea |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
PO (1x/day): selective alpha 1 blockers (vasodilation w/o reflex tachy)
HTN, BPH (terazosin)
AE: 1st dose syncope, headache, hypotension |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
IV/PO: >24 hr duration
massive decrease in sympathetic activity
depletes NE in brain by blocking mgATPase
AE: suicide/depression, sedation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
B-blocker
PO/IV: 4-6 hours
decrease HR, contractility, CO
block renin release
block SNS outflow of vasomotor center : decrease CO & cause vasodilation
AE: vasoconstriction/cold extremeities, fatigue, decrease insulin/^ glucose |
|
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Term
|
Definition
#1 for HT
B1 blocker
PO: 4-6 hrs
AE: fatigue
C/I: asthma, diabetics |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
PO/IV: a quick fix
vasodilation via NO, reflex tachy
AE: lupus-like |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
vasodilation via NO, reflex tachy
AE: hypertrochosis, pericarditis, edema |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
vasodilation
IV (8-10hrs): hypertension
PO: hypoglycemia
AE: sedation, reflex tachy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
NO>vasodilation
RBC>thisulfate>thiocyanide
Tx: HTN Crisis (ER drug), sensitive to IV light
AE: chronic: CNS toxicity from CN, psychosis, arrythmias |
|
|
Term
| What drug is sensitive to IV light? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
NO> vasodilation
used for HTN crisis, angina (sublingual), CHF
AE: severe headaches |
|
|
Term
| What do you use for emergency hypertension (hypertensive crisis)? |
|
Definition
| furosemide, clonidine, nitroprusside, nitroglycerine |
|
|
Term
| What hypertensive medication can also be used for hypoglycemia? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Ca channel blocker (decrease CO)
Tx: anti-arrhythmic & HTN
AE: heart depression, constipation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Ca channel block er(decreases CO and TPR)
PO: anti-arrythmic & HTN
AE: heart depression, constipation, edema |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Ca channel blocker (decreases TPR)
PO (long acting): hypertension
AE: edema (give w/diuretic) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
ACE Inhibitor (blocks Ang II formation), blocks bradykinin breakdown
IV/PO (shortest acting, low fat-sol): HTN, especially in diabetics (decreases proteinuria) |
|
|
Term
| What are the adverse effects of the ACE inhibitors? |
|
Definition
| cough, metallic taste in mouth, hypotension |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| PO (longest acting, most fat-sol): HT, esp in diabetics |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| IV/PO: HT, esp in diabetics |
|
|
Term
| What are the adverse effects of the ARBs? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
binds angiotensin receptor (competitively inhibits Ang II)
PO: short half life
AE: headache, hypotension |
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