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Endo Path
Intro to Endocrine & Pituitary Pathology
15
Pathology
Graduate
11/06/2010

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Cards

Term
What is a craniopharyngioma?
Definition
cystic neoplasm arising from remnants of Rathke's pouch, mostly seen in a suprasellar location, in the hypothalamus
cysts contain a cholesterol-rich, thick brownish yellow fluid that has been compared to "machinery oil"
Term
What is the most frequent cause of a hyperfunctioning gland?
Definition
benign tumor (adenoma)
Term
What are the signs/symptoms of a craniopharyngioma?
Definition
increased intracranial pressure due to hydrocephalus, optic nerve encroachment, endocrine dysfxn
Term
What is pituitary apoplexy?
Definition
acute hemorrhage into an adenoma associated w/clinical evidence of a rapidly enlarging mass
Term
How do you treat a prolactinoma?
Definition
bromocriptine, a dompaine receptor agonist
Term
What is Nelson's syndrome?
Definition
When Cushing's is treated by removal of adrenal, which removes inhibition on pituitary, so it secretes ACTH
(creates a mass lesion of pituitary)
Term
How much of the pituitary parenchyma needs to be lost to cause hypopituitarism?
Definition
75%
Term
What is the most common form of hypopituitarism?
Definition
Sheehan's syndrome (postpartum necrosis)
Term
What causes Sheehan's syndrome?
Definition
pituitary enlarges during pregnancy and is relatively anoxic so if there is hypotension, the ant pituitary is vulnerable to ischemic necrosis
Term
What is primary empty sella syndrome?
Definition
defect in diaphragma sellae lets fluid in so pituitary is compressed
mos tpatients are obese women w/a hx of multiple pregnanices
can get visual field defects and hyperprolactinemia
Term
What is secondary empty sella?
Definition
a mass, such as pituitary adenoma, enlarges the sella but then is removed by surgery or radiation
Term
What are the clinical manifestations of SIADH?
Definition
hyponatremia
cerebral edema
neurologic dysfxn
Term
MEN Type I
Definition
Wermer's Syndrome
Parathyroid
Pituitary
Pancreatic islet cells
Term
MEN II
Definition
Sipple's Syndrome
medullary carcinoma of the thyroid
pheochromocytoma
hyperPTH
Term
MEN IIB/III
Definition
Mucosal Neuroma Syndrome
multiple mucosal neuromas
medullary carcinoma of the thyroid
pheochromocytoma
often associated w/marfanoid habitus
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