A word's_________is the word part that carries the basic meaning. In English, many of these are Latin and Greek word parts, such as "phon" for "sound" in Latin. "Telephone" and "Microphone" have this root word in common.

_______________ are words that share the same root words in another language. For example, the words "father"(English), "vater" (German), and "pater"(Latin).

Affixes

Prefixes

Suffixes

Anti-                    EXAMPLES OF__________

bi-

dis-

mis-

non-

pre-

-able          EXAMPLES OF_______________

-dom

-en

-ful

-hood

-ish

RULES OF CAPITALIZATION:

Capitalize 1)____________

2)_____________

1) PROPER NOUNS (names of specific people, places or things).

EXAMPLES:

Dr. Smith; a Ford car; the movie "Jaws"; the Far East

2) PROPER ADJECTIVES, like Russian and American

Basic spelling rules:

1)  ___ before ___, except after "C"

2) ___ before ___ for a long "A" sound

3) Add a prefix, keep the spelling (dis+satisfy; mis+spell)

4) Add a suffix, keep the spelling (plain+ness; casual+ly)

5) Change __ to ___for some suffixes (heavily; busily; emptiness)

1) "i" before "e" except after "c" for a long "e" sound (tier, pier_

2) "e" before "i" for a long "a" sound (weight, reign)

3) change "y" to "i" for some suffixes: heavily, busily, emptiness

COMMONLY MISSPELLED WORDS (just commit them to memory):

accept (agree to).....except (but)

affect (influence).....effect (result)

allusion (reference).....illusion (daydream, vision)

between (involves only 2 parties.....among (more than 2)

capitol (government building)..capital (government city)

coarse (rough).....course (route)

SEE FLIP FOR MEMORY DEVICES

Accept and its definition "agree" both have

an "A" in them.

Allusion is a reference to something "away" (both have A's)

Between/both = 2

Capitol...think of the TN star in the O

Course and route both have "u's"

WORK ON MEMORY DEVICES THAT HELP YOU REMEMBER SOMETHING KEY!

Complement (accompaniment...goes with)...compliment (praise)

Counsel (advisor).....council (panel)

Principal (main person, head of school)....principle (basic truth or law)

Stationary (motionless).....stationery (writing paper)....SEE FLIP SIDE/MEM.DEVICES

Compliment with an "i" means to give praise; think of yourself getting a compliment

Counsel....advisor....has an "e"; think "expert"

Principal has the word "pal" at the end. Think of our principal being your "pal."

Stationery with an "e" is writing paper; think of paper with a big E on the top

____________ is an abbreviation of a French term (répondez s'il vous plaît) meaning "the favor of a reply is requested."

DEJA VU

 PRONOUNCED "Day-juh Voo"

E   PLURIBUS UNUM 

pronounced "E plurr-uh-bus you-num)

DU JOUR

PRONOUNCED: "do-joor"

BON VOYAGE

PRONOUNCED: "bone voyee-adge"

CUM LAUDE

PRONOUNCED: "coome loud-day"

CUM LAUDE

pronounced "coome low-day" ("low" rhyming with "cow")

FEMME FATALE

PRONOUNCED: femm fah-tall

ESPRIT DE CORPS

(pronunced "es-pree day cores")

VERBATIM

PRON.: verr bay-tum

FAUX PAS

Pron.: Foe-Pah

AVANT GARDE

Pron.: Avahnt-Guard

JOIE DE VIVRE

Pron.: Jwuh-Dwuh-Veeve (French word)

CAVEAT EMPTOR

Pron. Caveahht-emp-tor

FOREIGN WORDS/PHRASES

_________ and _________: beginning and end.

TABULA RASA

Pron.: Tab-you-luh Rah-suh

HOI POLLOI

Pron.: Hoy-Polloy

AD NAUSEUM

Pron: Ad Naw-see-um

CONCLUSION

INFERENCE

Fact

Opinion

PERSUASIVE DEVICES

1)_________________encourages someone to do something because others do it: "Join the crowd! Everyone's using Twitter!"

2) ___________________encourages someone to do something because a famous person endorses it: "Beyonce ONLY uses Crest, so it's the best!"

1) Bandwage

2) Testimonial

___________     ________ are descriptive words that are chosen specifically to create strong feelings:

house vs. "shack"

job/"chore"

dog/"mutt"

smell/"odor"

Public speaking is a dreaded activity, but audiences want to be engaged. Good public speaking requires pratice, preparation, and an understanding of your audience. The most important writing tasks in preparing for a speech are to:

1) Select the appropriate_____________for the listener.

2) Adjust your __________  ________, speaking slowly, with animation, and making eye contact.

1) Topic

2) Speaking rate

Cooperation:

Each member needs the opportunity to present ideas, and other members must respectfully listen and comment. Give each member time to present, listen actively and respectfully to ALL members, allow time for questions and feedback, and establish a strategy for consensus.

__________'s  _____________ is a reason an author writes a passage. An author may want to:

1)____________give facts or information; for example, newspaper articles, how-to books, encyclopedia entries, work-related information

2) _____________convince readers to do or believe something; for example, editorials and advertisements

3)________________amuse the reader, such as with poems, plays and stories

4)______________: to convey feelings or ideas in a personal way

5) _______________: conveying feelings or ideas in a personal way...for example, an affectionate birthday letter or personal poem

Author's purpose

1) Inform

2) Persuade

3) Entertain

4) Express

The major use of _______  __________is to provide sensory details and word pictures to the readers.

Sensory details appeal to the senses of sight, hearing, smell, taste and feel.

Vivid words

The ___________vs _____________voice of a verb is where the doer of the action comes first, then the object. Example:

The sun burned me

vs

I was burned by the sun (the word "by" is a clue to the voice listed in blank 2 above)

_____________  ____________is a method for arranging ideas and details in a paragraph or paper or speech.

1) _______________: time order of events

2) _______  ___  ___________: the cause of the problem and its specific effects

3) ____________and ______________: noting how something is similar or different to a better known subject

4) _________________________________: provoking and informing the reader or listener.

Paragraph structure

1) Chronological order

2) Cause and effect

3) Similarity and difference

4) Posing and answering a question

THE STAGES OF WRITING

_______  __________________is the stage of creating a text in which writers begin to organize their thoughts.

THE STAGES OF WRITING

________________is the process of thinking freely about different ideas about which to write. Writers in this stage write down all their ideas freely without worrying about the value of it or the structure of it until later. While in this stage, writers ask themselves questions about the topic, language, argument techniques and audience.

Periodicals

(Memory device: think of a publication that comes out at different periods, or times)

Be selective when choosing Internet sources. The most reliable sites end with the extensions .______, .______, and ._____.

Use the three R's to evaluate books, articles and other sources:

R___________

R___________

R___________

Reliable

Recent

Relevant

THE STAGES OF WRITING:

1)__-____________(brainstorming/ideas)

2) ______________(early drafts)

3)_______________(peer editing is an example)

4) ______________(turning your paper in)

1) Pre-writing

2) Drafting

3) Revising

4) Publishing

A ____________describes a category of literature. There are four of these:

1)_____________

2)_____________

3)_____________

4)_____________

Genre

1) Fiction

2) Poetry

3) Drama

4) Nonfiction

____________is fake, or coming out of an author's imagination.

____-__________is real or true

Fiction

Non-fiction

The four basic components of a fiction story are:

1)_____________

2)__________

3)______________

4)______________

1) Characters

2) Plot

3) Conflict

4) Setting

Characters

Characterization

The events the story are the ________. Characters face a central problem or conflict. The plot deals with how the characters resolve the problem. Plots have several parts:

1)_________is the beginning of the narrative where the characters and setting are introduced.

2) _________  _____________is made up of the events that lead up to the climax.

3) __________is the turning point or high point of the story.

4) __________  ______________comprises the events that lead to the resolution.

5) __________ or __________is the end of the story.

1) Exposition

2) Rising action

3) Climax

4) Falling action

5) Resolution or denouement

____________is the central message of the story. It is usually a general statement of the human condition, such as "good triumphs over evil."

ELEMENTS OF DRAMA

Drama has unique elements called ___________  _________________. The terms for these describe the various parts of a play. They may also include elements of fiction and plot sequence, and of rising action, falling action, denouement and resolution.

ELEMENTS OF DRAMA

1)______is a main division of a play, opera or ballet

2) _________is a dialogue or situation withink an act of a play

3)_____________: the lines spoken by the actors

4)________________; a long, uninterrupted speech by one actor

1) Act

2) Scene

3) Dialogue

4) Monologue

ELEMENTS OF DRAMA, cont.

1) _________: a monologue addressed to the audience, rather than another character, in which the character reveals his inner feelings (example: Romeo's talk at Juliet's balcony BEFORE he reveals that he is there to her)

2)____________: a comment made to the audience by a cast member that other characters on stage are not supposed to hear.

1) Soliloquy

2) Aside

ELEMENTS OF DRAMA

1) _______  _______________: notes within a drama that direct movement of the characters to places on the stage

2) ____________: a drama that is humorous and usually has a happy ending

3) ______________: a comedy that has especially outlandish situations and characters

4) _____________: a wordless story presented through body movements and expression

5) ______________: a drama written for film

6) A drama in which the main character suffers a downfall or death

1) Stage directions

2) Comedy

3) Farce

4) Pantomime

5) Screenplay

6) Tragedy

POETRY

_____________the repetition of sound. Internal: within a line

Exact: words with different beginning sounds, but exactly the same ending sounds

Slant: same ending consonant but different final vowels or the same ending vowel but different final consonants

 POETRY

_________  __________ follows a structure of meter and rhyme

__________  _________ or free verse lacks structure or pattern. The words do not rhyme.

Fixed form

Free form

 POETRY

All language has rhythm, and ___________is used to emphasize it with stressed and unstressed syallables.

__________give a poem structure. One of these is like a paragraph is to text.

a ____________is a repeated word or repeated lines that help create rhythm.

Meter

Stanzas

Refrain

 POETRY

1) A___________is a narrative song or poem

2) An ________like "The Odyssey" is a long poem about adventures of a hero

3) _____________is a poem that expresses the speaker's personal thoughts and feelings

4) A____________is any poem that tells a story, and includes epics and ballads

5) A ______________is a lyric poem of 14 lines that has a formal structure of verses and couplets.

6) A ___________is drama written in verse; written to be spoken aloud.

1) Ballad

2) Epic

3) Lyric

4) Narrative

5) Sonnet

6) Dramatic

LITERARY DEVICES

These are conventions or structures used in literature or storytelling.

__________  _______________is words or phrases that express something more than their literal meaning.

1) ___________: a comparison of two unlike things using "like" or "as"

2)_____________: a comparison of two unlike things, without using "like" or "as"

3) ____________:is a figure of speech in which human qualities are given to nonhuman things

4) _______________is exaggeration used for effect

Figurative language

1) Simile

2) Metaphor

3) Personification

4) Hyperbole

LITERARY DEVICES, cont.

1) __________: a technique in which an author appeals to any of the reader's five senses

2) __________: the use of words to express the oposite of literal meaning.

3) In ____________irony a person says one thing, but means something else

4) In _____________irony the actual result is different than the expected result.

1) Imagery

2) Irony

3) Verbal

4) Situational

LITERARY DEVICES/FIGURATIVE LANG., cont.

1) In ____________irony, the audience has knowledge that a character does not.

2) A ___________is a concrete object that represents an abstract idea, such as a rose for love.

3) An _____________ is a literary work in which characters, objects or events stand for abstract ideas, such as goodness, bravery, or evil to teach a moral lesson.

4) An ______________is a reference to a well-known person, place, thing or event.

LITERARY DEVICES/FIGURATIVE LANG., cont.

1) A ____________is a statement or situation that seems contradictory, but may actually be true. EXAMPLE: "A little knowledge is a dangerous thing."

2) A ___________is a humorous imitation of a serious piece of writing.

3) A ________is a play on words similar in sound but different in meaning. Example: "I'm on the seafood diet: I see food and eat it."

4) An _________is an expression that cannot be understood from the literal meaning of the words. Example: "I'm flat broke."

1) Paradox

2) Parody

3) Pun

4) Idiom