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| Body system that includes the salivary glands, oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines, and the accessory organs of the liver. |
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| Alternate name for the gastrointestinal system. |
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| Alternate name for the gastrointestinal system. Also known as Digestive Tract. |
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| Process of swallowing food. |
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| Area of the brain that receives and interprets tastes from the tongue. |
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| Mucous membrane that lines the gastrointestinal system and produces mucus. |
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| Mouth. Hollow area includes the hard and soft palate, uvula, tongue, gums, and teeth. |
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| Hard bone and posterior soft tissues that form the roof of the mouth. |
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| 3 pairs of glands (Parotid, submandibular, and sublingual) that secrete saliva into the mouth. |
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| Large muscle that fills the oral cavity and assists with eating and talking. |
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| Fleshy hanging part of the soft palate. Plays a role in speech. During swallowing it initiates the gag reflex to prevent food from entering the pharynx before the epiglottis closes over the larynx. |
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| First part of the stomach, inferior to the esophagus. |
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| Combiation of the partially digested food, saliva, and digestive enzymes in the stomach and small intestine. |
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| Flexible, muscular tube that moves food from the pharynx to the stomach. |
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| Rounded, most superior part of the stomach. |
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| Lower Esophageal Sphincter (LES) |
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| Muscular ring at the distal end of the esophagus. Keeps food in the stomach. |
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| Contractions of smooth muscle that propel a bolus of food, chyme, or wastes and water through the gastrointestinal tract. |
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| Muscular ring that keeps chyme in the stomach or opens to let chyme pass into the duodenum. |
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| Narrowed, last part of the stomach just before it joins the duodenum |
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| Deep folds in the gastric mucosa that expand to accommodate food. |
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| Organ of digestion between the esophagus and the small intestine. |
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| External opening of the rectum |
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| Long, thin pouch on the exterior wall of the cecum. Doesnt play a role in digestion. |
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| Short, pouch-like first part of the large intestine. |
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| Largest part of the large intestine. Consists of: Ascending Colon, Transverse Colon, Descending Colon, and S-shapes Sigmoid Colon. |
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| First part of the small intestine. Secretes the hormone cholecyctokinin. |
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| Pouches in the wall of the large intestine that expand to accommodate the bulk of undigested materials. |
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| Third part of the small intestine. Connects to the cerum of the large intestine. |
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| Second part of the small intestine. Connects to the cecum of the large intetine. |
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| Organ of absorption between the small intestine and the anus. Large intestine includes the cecum, colon, rectum, and anus. Also known as the large bowel. |
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| Open channel inside a tubular structure such as the esophagus, small intestine, and large intestine. |
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| Final part of the large intestine. Short, straight segment that lies between the sigmoid colan and the anus. |
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| Organ of digestion and absortion between the stomach and the large intestine. |
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| Microscopic projections f the mucosa in the small intestine. Produces enzymes such as lactase to break down sugars |
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| Continuous cavity within the abdomen and pelvis that contains the largest organs of the gastrointestinal system. |
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| Bitter fluid produced by the liver and stored in the gallbladder. Released to digest fatty food. |
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| Bile produced by the liver that flows through the hepatic ducts to the common hepatic duct. |
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| Part of the abdominal aorta where the arteries branch off to take blood to the stomach, small intestines, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas. |
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| Small, dark green sac posterior to the liver that stores and concentrates bile. |
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| Largest solid organ in the body. |
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| Thick sheet of peritoneum that supports the jejunum and ileum. |
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| Broad, fatty apron of peritoneum. Supports the stomach and protects the small intestine. |
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| Triangular organ located posterior to the stomach. It secretes digestive enzymes into the duodenum. |
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| Double-Layer serous membrane that lines the abdominopelvic cavity and surrounds each gastrointestinal organ. Secretes peritoneal fluid to fill the spaces between the organs. |
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| Process by which digested nutrients move through villi of the small intestines and into the blood. |
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| Digestive enzyme in the saliva that begins digestion of carbohydrates in the mouth. Also secreted by the pancreas to finish the digestion of carbohydrates in the small intestine. |
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| Hormone secreted by the duodenum when it receives fatty chyme from the stomach. Stimulates the gallbladder to release bile and the pancreas to release its digestive enzymes. |
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| Process by which undigested materials and water are removed from the body as a bowel movement. |
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| Process of mechanically and chemically breaking down food into nutrients that can be used by the body. |
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| Process in which undigested materials and water are eliminated from the body. |
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| Process in which bile breaks doan large fat droplets. |
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| Proteins that speed up chemical reactions in the body. During chemical digestiom, enzymes break the chemical bonds in large food molecules. Enzymes are produced by the salivary glands, stomach, small intestine, and pancreas. An enzyme name usually ends in -ase. |
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| Formed, solid waste composed of undigested material, bacteria, and water is eliminated from the body. Also known as stool. |
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| Gas produced by bacteria that inhabit the large intestine. |
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| Hormone produced by the stomach. Stimulates the release of hydrochloric acid and pepsinogen in the stomach. |
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| Strong acid produced by the stomach. Breaks down food, kills microorganisms in food, an converts pepsinogen into pepsin. |
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| Digestive enzyme from villi in the small intestine. Breaks down lactose, the sugar in milk. |
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| Digestive enzyme secreted by the pancreas. Breaks down fat globules in the duodenum into fatty acids. |
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| Digestive enzymes in the stomach that break down protein foods into lare protein molecules. |
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| Inactive substance produced by the stomach that is converted by hydrochloric acid to the digestive enzyme pepsin. |
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