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EMT Exam 9
EMT Exam 9
30
Other
Not Applicable
11/10/2016

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Term
Epidermis
Definition
  • outermost layer of skin
  • provides a watertight and resilient barrier from external environment 
Term
Dermis
Definition
  • Second layer of skin
  • Contains small capillary beds as well as sensory structures 
Term
Subcutaneous Layer
Definition
  • Innermost layer 
  • Composed of fatty connective tissue and contains larger blood vessels
Term

Functions of skin

-8 listed in study guide

Definition
  • Provides a physical barrier against external environment
  • Provides a barrier against infection
  • Provides protection from bacteria or other harmful agents
  • Insulates and protects underlying structures and body organs from injury
  • Aids in the regulation of body temperature
  • Provides for sensation transmission
  • Aids in elimination of some of the body's wastes
  • Contains fluids necessary to functioning of other organs and systems 
Term

What do most patients in a prehospital setting die from?

-Hint: not from the soft tissue trauma of burn itself

Definition
  • Occluded airway
  • Toxic inhalation
  • Other trauma

*Given this info first establish and maintain a patent airway, adequate ventilations, and adequate O2 

Term
How can burn injuries cause extreme fluid loss and increased stress on the heart?
Definition
  • Burns increase capillary permeability
    • increases ability of fluid to leak from vessels
    • decreases fluid volume inside the vessels
    • creates edema
    • compromise tissue perfusion
Term
BSA
Definition
Body surface area
Term
How do burns affect the respiratory system?
Definition
  • Swelling of the face or throat may cause airway closure
  • Inhalation of superheated air may cause the lining of the larynx to swell (laryngeal edema)
  • Fluid to accumulate in the lungs
Term
How are kidneys affected with burns?
Definition
  • A decrease in blood flow from fluid loss causes decreased blood flow to kidneys and decrease in urinary output
  • Kidneys responsible for filtering contaminated blood
  • Burns may cause all or parts of kidneys to stop functioning
Term
First Degree burn or Superficial burn
Definition
  • Injury involves only the epidermis
  • Skin appears pink to red and is dry
  • Slight swelling may occur
  • Skin soft and tender to touch
  • May be very painful because the pain receptors in the underylying dermis of skin are still intact
Term
Second degree burn or Partial thickness burn
Definition
  • Involves epidermis and portions of dermis
  • Damage to small blood vessels causes plasma and tissue fluid to collect and form blisters
  • Pain receptors are still intact 
  • Further classified as superficial partial thickness and deep partial thickness burns
Term
Third degree burn or Full thickness burn
Definition
  • Involves all layers of skin
  • Skin becomes dry, hard, tough, and leathery
  • May appear white and waxy to dark brown or black and charred
  • Most are not very painful because nerve endings are destroyed 
Term
Fourth degree burns
Definition
  • Involve bone and burning of the bone
  • Very high temps or chemical involved
Term
Eschar
Definition
Tough and leathery dead soft tissue formed in full thickness burn
Term
Burns that are given special consideration?
Definition
  • Face, eyes, ears
    • Because of potential for respiratory compromise
  • Hands and feet
    • Because of potential for loss of function
  • Genital or groin region
    • Because of potential for loss of genitourinary function and increased chances for infection
  • Major joint function
    • Because loss of joint function
Term
Circumferential Burns
Definition
  • Encircle a body area such as arm, leg, or chest, ones that encircle joint areas
    • Critical because circulatory compromise and nerve damage
    • Burns that encircle the chest may impede respiratory function by limiting chest expansion
Term
Patients age is a major factor determining severity
Definition
  • Children under the age of 5
    • Have greater skin surface in relation to body mass so potential for greater fluid loss
  • Adults over the age of 55
    • Prolonged healing processes and may have underlying medical conditions 
Term
Rule of 9's
Definition
  • Only applied to burns that are partial or full thickness in depth
  • Guides in determining burn severity, catergorizing for triage, alerting receiving facility to the severity of pt
Term
Rule of 9's in adults
Definition
  • Head and neck- 9%
  • Posterior trunk-18%
  • Anterior trunk-18%
  • Each upper extremity-9%
  • External genitalia-1%
  • Each lower extremity-18%
Term
Rule of 9's in Peds
Definition
  • Head and neck-18%
  • Arms-9%
  • Anterior trunk-18%
  • Posterior trunk-18%
  • Each lower extremity-14%
Term
Rule of 1's or palms
Definition
  • Pts palm equals approx 1% of BSA
Term
5 Major types of burns
Definition
  1. Thermal burns
    • heat applied to body
    • flame, hot water, steam
  2. Inhalation burns
    • high temp air or steam that is inhaled and causes damage to mucosa of upper airway
  3. Chemical burns
    • acids, alkalis, other heat generating chemicals
  4. Electrical burns
    • resistance to electrical current flow in body, primarily internal
  5. Radiation burns
    • absorption of radiation into body
Term
Flame burn mechanism
Definition
Patient comes into contact with an open flame
Term
Contact burn mechanism
Definition
Burn occurs from contact with a hot object
Term
Scald mechanism of burn
Definition
Contact with hot liquid, more viscous the liquid is, the more severe because of longer contact time
Term
Steam mechanism of burn
Definition
Hot steam, more severe than flame burns because of the high heat capacity of steam
Term
Gas mechanism of burn
Definition
Hot gases may cause upper airway burns
Term
Electrical mechanism of burn
Definition
Internal burns because bones, muscles, and other tissues offer resistance to electrical energy
Term
Flash mechanism of burn
Definition
Flammable gas or liquid that ignites quickly
Term

5 types of shock

*know the flow chart

Definition
  1. Hypovolemic
  2. Cardiogenic
  3. Metabolic/Respiratory
  4. Obstructive
  5. Distributive
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