Term
| Stroke is a common cause of brain disorder that is ______ ? |
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Definition
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Term
| Petit mal seizure typically occurs in children ___ to ___ y/o |
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Definition
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Term
| In some situations the postical state may be characterized by? |
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Definition
| Hemapharesis or weakness on one side of the body, resembling a stroke. |
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Term
| Treat stroke and AMS in children how? |
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Definition
| The same way you would for an adult. |
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Term
| In geriatric patients you should consider a headache as ________ ? |
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Definition
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Term
| The parasympathetic nervous system is responsible for _______ ? |
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Definition
| Intestinal activity and slowing heart rate. |
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Term
| Cephalic presentation is _____ ? |
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Definition
| Normal position of childbirth where the head enters the pelvis first. |
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Term
| Diabetics often suffer from medical complications such as? |
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Definition
| Heart disease, visual disturbances, renal failure, stroke, ulcers or infections to the feet or toes. |
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Term
| The sympathetic nervous system is responsible for ______ ? |
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Definition
| Speeding up the heart rate. |
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Term
| Normal blood glucose levels are? |
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Definition
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Term
| Once blood glucose levels reach _______ mg/dL, excess glucose is excreted by the _____ ? |
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Definition
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Term
| A 73 y/o woman was in her backyard gardening when she collapsed to the ground. Her husband told 911 that "she is breathing very fast and will not talk to me." You arrive to find the woman lying on her side in the grass. She is breathing at 7 breaths per minute and her pulse is irregular and very thready. Her lungs also present with crackles upon auscultation As you are taking a blood pressure (88/66) the husband tells you that the woman has been having jaw pain and some weakness for approximately 3 days. What is the most likely cause of this woman's condition and how would you treat her? |
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Definition
| Cardiogenic shock, assist ventilations and transport. The woman is likely experiencing pump failure and is hypoperfusing. |
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Term
| Name the forms of medication (hint- there's 8) |
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Definition
| 1). compressed powder/tablet |
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Term
| Routes of medication administration |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Epinephrine stimulates four receptors, what are they? |
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Definition
| Alpha 1 & 2, Beta 1 & 2. These properties make up the sympathetic nervous system. |
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Term
| Beta 2 agonist drug causes ______ to dilate. |
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Definition
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Term
| Epinephrine is a ________ ? |
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Definition
| Vasoconstrictor, bronchodilator, and decreases capillary permeability (to reduce fluid leakage). |
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Term
| Nitroglycerin is a __________ ? |
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Definition
| Vasodilator. (Main side effect: hypotension, causes headache) |
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Term
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Definition
| A chemical substance used to treat or prevent a disease or condition. |
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Term
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Definition
| A drug or other substance used as a remedy for illness. |
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Term
| The bronchioles are lined _______ and _______. |
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Definition
| Lined with smooth muscle and mucous membranes. |
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Term
| The ____ lung is slightly larger than the ______ lung. |
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Definition
| Right lung, larger than the left. |
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Term
| Brain cells only use ______ for energy. |
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Definition
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Term
| Trachea posterior wall is _________ ? |
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Definition
| Made up of muscle therefore not a rigid structure. |
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Term
| The first few levels of bronchi are ________ ? |
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Definition
| Supported by rings of cartilage. |
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Term
| The trachea (aka "windpipe") extends from the _____ to the ______. |
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Definition
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Term
| The lower airway extends from the ______ to the ______. |
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Definition
| Cricoid cartilage to the alveoli of the lungs. |
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Term
| Name the possible positions in which to place a patient. |
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Definition
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Term
| "Ipsilateral" refers to _______ ? |
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Definition
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Term
| "Contralateral" refers to _______ ? |
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Definition
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Term
| Plantar & palmar refer to _______ ? |
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Definition
| The sole of the foot and the palm of the hand. |
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Term
| Ligaments connect ______ to ______. |
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Definition
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Term
| Tendons connect ________ to ______. |
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Definition
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Term
| The skeletal system serves 4 main functions, what are they? |
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Definition
| 1). Gives the body shape. |
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Term
| Name the 6 main components of the skeletal system. |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the skeletal components of the skull. |
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Definition
| Interlocking bones: the occipital, two parietal, two temporal, the frontal. |
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Term
| Name the skeletal components of the face. |
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Definition
| 14 bones, 13 of which are immovable & interlocking. |
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Term
| What is an intervertebral disc? |
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Definition
| A fluid pad of tough elastic cartilage between each vertebrae. It acts as a shock absorber & allows for movement of spine. |
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Term
| The thorax (aka the chest) is composed of what? |
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Definition
| The ribs, sternum and thoracic spine. |
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Term
| The ____ ribs are ______ arches of bone, which are arranged in _____ and are attached by ______ to the ________. |
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Definition
| The 24 ribs are semi-flexible arches of bone, which are arranged in 12 pairs and are attached posteriorly by ligaments to the 12 thoracic vertebrae. |
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Term
| Name the components of the midline area (abdominal quadrant). |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the components of the LLQ (left lower quadrant). |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the components of the RLQ. |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the components of the RUQ. |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the components of the LUQ. |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the components (inferior & superior) of the sternum. |
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Definition
| The superior manubrium and the inferior xiphoid process. |
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Term
| Describe the attachment of the ribs. |
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Definition
| -First 7 pair (true ribs) are attached to the sternum by cartilage. |
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Term
| Name the components of the pelvis. |
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Definition
| -the sacrum & coccyx of the spine |
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Term
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Definition
| The part of the pelvis that forms the "wings". |
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Term
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Definition
| The posterior & inferior portion of the pelvis. |
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Term
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Definition
| The anterior & inferior portion of the pelvis. |
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Term
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Definition
| The rounded cavity or socket on the external surface of the pelvis that receives the head of the femur. |
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Term
| Which bone is the "shin bone" ? |
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Definition
| The tibia (the medial larger bone of the lower leg). |
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Term
| The fibula is the _______ ? |
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Definition
| The lateral, smaller long bone of the lower leg. |
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Term
| Metatarsals are _______ ? |
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Definition
| The bones that form the arch of the foot. |
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Term
| The tarsals are __________ ? |
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Definition
| The bones of the ankle, hind foot and mid foot. |
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Term
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Definition
| The lateral triangular projection of the scapula that forms the point of the shoulder. |
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Term
| The carpals are ________ ? |
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Definition
| The 8 bones that form the wrist. |
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Term
| The metacarpals are ________ ? |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the 6 types of joints and an example of each. |
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Definition
| 1). Ball & socket- shoulder, hip |
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Term
| Bones have both ______ & ______. |
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Definition
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Term
| The phrenic nerve, which exits the spinal column between the _____ & ______ cervical vertebrae, transmits the electrical impulses that cause the ______ to contract. |
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Definition
| The phrenic nerve, which exits the spinal column between the 3rd & 5th cervical vertebrae, transmits the electrical impulses that cause the diaphragm to contract. |
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Term
| Unlike ______ the _____ have valves to keep blood from backflowing. |
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Definition
| Unlike the arteries, the veins have valves to help prevent the backflow of blood. |
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Term
| Plasma contains large molecules of _______ that keep the water portion of plasma from leaking outside the vessel. |
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Definition
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Term
| The fetus develops inside a fluid-filled bag-like membrane called the amniotic sac or bag of waters and contains ____ - _____ mL of fluid. |
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Definition
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Term
| As the time of delivery nears, certain complications can occur, preeclampsia or pregnancy-induced hypertension, a condition that can develop after the ____ week of gestation. |
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Definition
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Term
| Post delivery care includes drying the baby off and wrapping it in a blanket or towel, as well as placing it on one side with..... ? |
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Definition
| The head slightly LOWER than the rest of the body. |
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Term
| Post delivery care of the umbilical cord is important because? |
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Definition
| Infection is easily transmitted through the cord to the baby. |
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Term
| When transporting a premature infant, keep the temperature of the ambulance at ______. |
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Definition
| 90 to 95 degrees F (32.2-35.9 degrees C) |
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Term
| Excessive bleeding occurs when the bleeding exceeds _____ mL. |
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Definition
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Term
| Infants born before ____ weeks are considered premature. |
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Definition
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Term
| A pulmonary embolism is a _____? |
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Definition
| Blockage of the main artery of the lung (the pulmonary artery) or one of its branches by a substance that has travelled from elsewhere in the body through the bloodstream. |
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Term
| Symptoms of a pulmonary embolism include? |
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Definition
| Dyspnea, chest pain on inspiration. |
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Term
| Signs of a pulmonary embolism include? |
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Definition
| Tachycardia, tachypnea, low SpO2, cyanosis. |
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Term
| What elements should be evaluated (list in the proper order) when considering the MOI of a car vs. pedestrian accident? |
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Definition
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Term
| What should you suspect from a patient that has just fallen from a significant height? (Hint: something you can't see) |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the two passageways at the end of the pharynx? |
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Definition
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Term
| The larynx has what two parts? |
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Definition
| 1). thyroid cartilage (Adam's apple); anterior/superior to |
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Term
| What is a common airway obstruction in ALOC patients? |
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Definition
| The tongue which falls back and occludes airway. |
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Term
| What do the submandibular muscles do? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| The reduction of oxygen delivery to tissues. |
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Term
| Where does the upper airway extend from? |
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Definition
| The nose, to the mouth, to the most inferior portion of the larynx (cricoid cartilage). |
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Term
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Definition
| -respirations (rate, depth, quality) |
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Term
| (Sound & Potential Cause) |
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Definition
| -snoring: tongue partially blocking upper airway |
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Term
| Name the oxygen cylinders and how many liters are in them at what PSI? |
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Definition
| All cylinders are at 2,000 PSI |
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Term
| Central chemoreceptors are located ________? |
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Definition
| In the medulla of the brain stem. |
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Term
| What muscles are used in breathing? |
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Definition
| The intercostal and diaphragm muscles. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
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Definition
| All or partial removal of the larynx. |
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Term
| What is the air pressure for both inhalation and exhalation? |
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Definition
| At inhalation, pressure is negative. At exhalation, the pressure is positive. |
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Term
| Healthy people breath on a _________ drive. |
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Definition
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Term
| The respiratory systems stimulus to breath, responds primarily to ________ ? |
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Definition
| Levels of carbon dioxide in the body. |
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Term
| What is the most common cause of cardiac arrest in kids? |
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Definition
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Term
| When is the "Sellick maneuver" (cricoid pressure) used? What is it effective for? How many people must you have to do it? |
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Definition
| Only in an unresponsive patient not protected by endotracheal tube (ET tube). |
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Term
| What is the "crossed finger" technique used for? |
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Definition
| To open mouth of an ALOC or unresponsive patient. |
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Term
| A patient with severe bleeding may not show signs of ________ because _________. |
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Definition
| Cyanosis, because hemoglobin must be present in blood to change its color. |
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Term
| When doing a child assessment, remember to _______ before you lay them on their back. |
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Definition
| Put padding such as a folded towel under their shoulders to keep the airway aligned (they have bigger heads than their body). |
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Term
| ______ is an early sign of hypoxia in ________. |
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Definition
| Bradycardia is an early sign of hypoxia in infants. |
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Term
| What is a late sign of hypoxia? |
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Definition
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Term
| In severe hypoxic patients, tachycardia could ________. |
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Definition
| Lead to dysrhythmias and eventually bradycardia. |
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Term
| COPD patients breathe on a _______. |
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Definition
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Term
| Oxygenation is the ______ by which the ______ become saturated in oxygen and is the result of ________. |
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Definition
| Process by which blood and cells become saturated in O2, is the result of respiration. |
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Term
| What is the complication with administering oxygen therapy to COPD patients? |
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Definition
| Their chemoreceptors sense excessive levels of oxygen in the body and send signals to slow or even stop respirations (respiratory arrest or failure could occur). |
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Term
| Ventilation is a ______ process. |
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Definition
| Mechanical process that creates pressure changes in the lungs to draw air in/force it out. |
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Term
| The diaphragm is responsible for ______ % of the ventilation effort? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where is the pleural space/cavity? At what pressure is it at? |
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Definition
| Between the parietal (rib/outer) pleura and the visceral (lung/inner) pleura space. |
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Term
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Definition
| It is a fluid within the pleural space that acts as a lubricant to reduce friction during the breathing process. |
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Term
| This can relax with the tongue in an ALOC patient and cause a non-visible airway obstruction. |
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Definition
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Term
| Name some of the general guidelines of lifting. |
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Definition
| -have an even number of rescuers |
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Term
| Name the 4 principles of "body mechanics". |
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Definition
| 1). keep weight of object as close to body as possible |
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Term
|
Definition
| Swayback (the butt sticks out) |
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Term
|
Definition
| Slouch back (shoulders roll forward) |
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Term
| Only around ____ - ____ % of the epinephrine gets injected into the patient, the rest stays in the auto-injector. |
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Definition
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Term
| Name a list of several narcotic (opiates) and what effect they have on the CNS.... |
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Definition
Hydrocodone (Vicodin)
Propoxyphene (Darvon)
heroin, morphine, codeine, meperidine (Demerol)
These type of drugs suppress the CNS, depressing the respiratory system, heart rate and blood pressure. |
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Term
| Frostbitten extremities should not be _______ if there is a chance that they could ______. |
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Definition
| Should not be rewarmed if there's a chance they could refreeze after you have rewarmed them. |
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Term
| _____ is a drug that a paramedic can administer to reverse the effects of narcotic drugs. |
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Definition
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Term
| Meperidine (Demerol) is a drug used to treat _______ ? |
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Definition
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Term
| Drugs such as ____ and _____ are benzodiazepines. |
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Definition
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Term
| Ritalin and Adderall are examples of _____ drugs. |
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Definition
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Term
Benzodiazepines (BZD) are drugs used to _______.
What are they classified as? |
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Definition
Produce sedation, induce sleep, relieve anxiety & muscle spasms and prevent seizures.
This drug is classified as a depressant. |
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Term
| The liver and gallbladder lie within the ____ quadrant. |
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Definition
| RUQ (Right upper quadrant) |
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|
Term
| Most of the stomach is within the _____ quadrant, as is the entire ______. |
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Definition
LUQ (left upper quadrant)
Spleen |
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Term
| CPR chest compressions are at _____ per minute and about _____ breaths per minute. |
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Definition
Chest compressions: 100 per minute
Breaths: 5-6 per minute |
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Term
| Seizures in children are most often the result of? |
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Definition
| Fever (febrile seizures), the fever isn't what causes it, it is the rate/speed at which the temperature changes. |
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Term
| What would you do if a newborn infant has a heart rate lower than 100 beats a minute? |
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Definition
| Ventilate at 40-60 breaths a minute. |
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|
Term
| If the infant is below 60 beats a minute you should? |
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Definition
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Term
| Your 34 y/o patient is breathing on their own at a rate of 18 breaths per minute and an approximate volume of 150 mL. What should you do? |
|
Definition
Give positive pressure ventilations with high flow 02.
Tidal volume of 150 mL is ineffective at oxygenating the tissues at any rate.
150 mL is what air resides in the "dead space" of the airway and NEVER reaches the alveoli, therefore if the patient is only taking in 150 mL of air, the oxygen is never reaching the alveoli. |
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Term
| You come upon a victim of asphyxial cardiac arrest. What is the sequence of events for action? |
|
Definition
-CPR for 5 cycles (or approx. 2 minutes)
-Activate the Emergency Response System
-Retrieve the AED |
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|
Term
Glasgow Coma Scale
(Eyes)
Describe the rating scale.... |
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Definition
(1 point) Does not open eyes
(2 points) Opens eyes in response to painful stimuli
(3 points) Opens eyes in response to voice
(4 points) Opens eyes spontaneously |
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|
Term
Glasgow Coma Scale
(Verbal)
Describe the rating scale.... |
|
Definition
(1 point) Makes no sound
(2 points) Incomprehensible sounds
(3 points)Utters inappropriate words
(4 points) Confused and disoriented
(5 points) Oriented, converses normally |
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