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| Front surface of the body |
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| Imaginery vertical line drawn from the middle of the forehead through the nose and umbilicus |
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| Imaginary line drawn vertically through the middle portion of the clavicle and parallel to the midline |
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| Imaginary vertical line drawn through the middle of the axilla. |
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| Lie farther from the midline |
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| Lie closer to the midline |
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| Farther from the trunk or nearer to the free end of an extremity |
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| Farther inside the body and away from skin |
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| Front region of hand (palm) |
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| How many bones in the body? |
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| Composed of a number of bones that fuse together. |
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| Opening at the base of the skull |
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| Most posterior portion of the cranium |
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| Lateral portions of the head (temples) |
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| Between the tmporal region and the occiput |
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| Face is composed of _ bones |
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| 6 - 2 Maxillae (Upper jawbone), 2 Zygomas (Cheek bone), Madible (Lower jawbone) |
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| Orbit is made up of _ facial bones |
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| External part of ear is called the |
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| Pinna. All external part of ear is cartilage |
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| 1" posterior to the external opening of the ear. Prominent bony mass |
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| Contains upper teeth and forms hard palate. Only moveable facial bone that has a joint (temporomandibular joint) |
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| First 7 vertebrae. C1-C7. Spinal cord exits the foramen magnum and lies in the spinal canal |
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| Upper part of the thyroid cartilage. Lower portion known as cricoid cartilage |
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| Between the thyroid cartilage and the cricoid cartilage. Soft depression. Covered by fascia that joins the two cartilages |
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| The trachea connects the larynx with the main passage of the |
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| Sternocleidomastoid Muscles |
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| Allow movement of the head. Originate from the mastoid process and insert into the medial border of each collarbone and sternum at the base |
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| Spinal column has _ bones |
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| 12 vertebrae. T1-T12. One pair of ribs is attached to each |
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| 5 vertebrae. Fused together to form one bone. Joined to the iliac bones of the pelvis with strong ligaments at the sacroiliac joints. |
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| Last 4 vertebrae. Fused together to form tailbone |
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| Vertebrae are connected by _, and between each 2 vertebrae is a _ called the _ _. |
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| Ligaments, cushion, intervertebral disk |
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| Thorax contains what organs |
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| Heart, lungs, esophagus, and great vessels. Formed by 12 thoracic vertebrae and thier ribs. |
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| What seperates the thorax from the abdomen |
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| Manubrium, Body, and the Xiphoid process |
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| Lies where the second rib is attached. Provides a constant and reliable bone landmark |
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| Costal arch connects _ through _ ribs |
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| Heart lies immediate under the _. It extends from the _ to the _ ribs anteriorly |
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| Between each rib is the _ space |
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| Liver, gallbladder, and portion of the colon |
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| Stomach, spleen, portion of the colon |
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| Cecum, ascending colon, appendix, part of large intenstine |
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| Descding colon, part of large intenstine |
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| Anterior superior iliac spines |
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| Bony prominence of the pelvis at the front on each side of the lower abdomen just below the the plane of the umbilicus. |
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| The pelvis is formed by the fusion of _ bones |
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| The femoral head fits very snugly in this. |
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| The bony prominence easly belt below the middle of each buttock. |
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| Bony prominence on the proximal lateral side |
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| Larger bone that lies in the front |
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| The end of the tibia forms the medial malleolus, and the end of the fibula forms the lateral malleolus |
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| Foot contains _ tarsal bones |
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| Foot contains _ metatarsal bones |
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| Five toes are formed by _ phalanges, _ in the great toe, and _ in each of the smaller toes |
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| Shoulder girdle consist of _ bones |
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Definition
| 3. Clavicle, scapula, and humerus |
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| The motion of the shoulder is controlled by _ joints |
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| Sternoclavicular joint, acromioclavicular joint, and glenohumeral joint |
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| 2. The ulna is larger in the proximal forearm. The radius is larger in the distal forearm |
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| 8 (carpal bones). Extending from the carpal bones are 5 metacarpals. |
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| The thumb joint is called the |
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| Bone ends of a joint are held together by a fibrous sac |
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| Bands of tough, thick tissue found in joints |
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| How many muscles in the musculoskeletal system? |
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| Attaches to the bones of the skeleton, forming the major muscle mass of the body. Also called voluntary muscle. Also called striated muscle |
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| Muscle cramps result when |
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Definition
| insufficient oxygen or food is carried to the muscle or when acidic waste products accumulate and are not carried away |
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| Tough, ropelike cords of fibrous tissue. Muscles attach directly to bone by tendon. It also continues the fascia that covers all muscles. |
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| Also called involuntary muscle. Found in the walls of most tubular structurs, such as gastrointestinal tract, urinary system, and blood vessels. Contraction and relaxation propel the flow of the contents |
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| Heart is a large muscle that is composed of a pair of pumps of unequal forces. Maintains own electrical system |
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| Two passageways are located at the bottom of the pharynx: |
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| Esophagus behind and trachea in front |
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| Food and liquids enter the _ and pass into the _, which carries them to the _. |
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| Pharynx, esophagus, stomach |
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| Air and other gases enter the _ and go to the _. |
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| Thin, leaf shaped valve that allows air into the trache, but prevents food or liquid from entering the passageway |
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| Lower airway starts with the |
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| Laryns is made up of _ _, _, _, and 2 _ _. |
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Definition
| tiny bones, cartilage, muscle, and two vocal cords |
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| Trachea is _" long, _ rigid, made up of rings of _. The trachea ends at the _ and divides into smaller tubes. |
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| 5, semi, cartilage, carina |
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| The right lung has _ lobes. The left lung has _ lobes |
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Definition
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| The main bronchi divide until they end in very fine airways called _. The _ end in about 700 million tine grapelike sacs called _. |
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| Bronchioles, Bronchioles, Alveoli |
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| Exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide |
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| The walls of the _ contain a network of tiny blood vessels (_ _) that carry CO2 from the body to the lungs and the oxygen from the lungs to the body. |
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| Alveoli, pulmonary capillaries |
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| Covering each lung is a layer of very smooth, glistening tissue. |
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| The pleura has _ layers called |
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| 2. Parietal pleura (lining the chest wall) and visceral pleura (covering the lungs) |
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| Between the _ and _ pluera is the _ _. |
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| Pleura, visceral, pleural space ("potential" space) |
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| During _, the diaphragm and intercostal muscles _. The pressure within _, and air rushes into the _. |
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| Inhalation, contract. Falls, lungs. |
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| During _, the diaphragm and the intercostal muscles _. The pressure withing _, and air is pushed out through the _. |
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| Exhalation, relax. Increases, trachea. |
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| The air we breathe contains _% O2, _% Nitrogen, and _% other gases. |
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Definition
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| _ is a passive process in which molecules move from an area with higher concentration of molescules to an area of lower concentration |
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| Exhaled air contains _% O2, _% CO2, and the rest is _. |
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| The brain stem acts as a sensor of the level of _ _ in the _. |
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| The backup respiratory system is called the |
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| There are areas in the _, walls of the _, and the _ arteries that act as _ sensors. |
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| Brain, aorta, carotid, oxygen |
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| Signs that a person is not breathing normally |
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Definition
| Muscle retractions above the clavicles, pale or cyanotic skin, cool damp skin, tripod position |
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| After the heart has stopped, the respiratory center in the brain continues to send signals to the breathing muscles. |
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| The _ circulation carries O2 rich blood from the left ventricle through the body and back to the right atrium |
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Definition
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| The _ circulation carries O2 poor blood from the right ventricle through the lungs and back to the left atrium |
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| The heart is the size of your |
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| The _ side of the heart received blood from the _ of the body |
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| The blood enters from the _ and _ vena cavae in the _ atrium, passes the _ valve, to fill the right _. |
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| Inferior, superior, right, tricuspid, ventricle |
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| After the right _ is filled, the tricuspid _ closes to prevent _ after the contraction. |
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| Ventricle, valve, backflow |
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| Contraction of the right _ causes blood to flow in the the _ _ and the _ circulation. |
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| Ventricle, pulmonary artery, pulmonary |
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| The _ side receives _ blood from the _ through the pumonary veins into the left _, where it passes through the _ valve into the left _. |
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| Left, oxygenated, lungs, atrium, mitral, ventricle. |
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| Contract of the left _ causes blood into the _ and then to the arteries of the body. |
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| The heart has two electrical processes |
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| 1st is depolarization, 2nd is polarization |
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| The electrical impulse in the heart begins high in the atria at the _ node, then travels to the _ node, and moves through the _ _ to the _. |
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| SA (Sinoatrial), AV (Atrioventricular), Purkinje Fibers, Ventricle. |
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| The depolarization of the muscle produces a coordination _ _ |
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| The _ carry blood from the heart to all body tissues. |
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| The arteries branch into smaller arteries and then into _. |
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| The arterioles branch into the vast network of _. |
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| Vascular channels that interconnect coronary arteries |
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| Aorta is the principal artery leaving the _ side of the heart, carries freshly _ blood to the body. |
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| The coronary artery supplies the _, the carotids the _, the hepatic the _, the renal the _, and the mesenteric the _ system. |
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| Heart, head, liver, kidney, digestive. |
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| The aorta divides at the level of the _ into the two common _ _. |
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| Umbilicus, illiac arteries. |
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| The pulmonary artery begins at the _ side of the heart and carries oxygen _ blood to the lungs. |
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| Behind the medial prominence of the ankle |
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| LUQ, virtually all blood is filtered through the spleen. |
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| Sticky, yellow fluid that carries the blood cells and nutrients. Contains most of the components to produce a blood clot |
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| Erythrocytes. Give color and carry oxygen. Makes up 45% of the blood |
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| Leukocytes. Play a role in the body's immune defence. |
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| Tiny, disk shaped elements. Essetial in the initial formation of a blood clot. |
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| _ blood will spurt and is _ red |
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| _ blood will ooze and is _ red. |
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| The _ nervous system is a voluntary control system |
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| The _ nervous system is a involuntary control system |
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| Allow sensory and motor impulses to be transmitted from one nerve to another within the central nervous system |
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| Carry information from the body to the central nervous system |
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| Carry information from the central nervous system to the muscles of the body |
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| The peripheral nervous system is composed of _ pairs of _ nerves, called spinal nerves, _ pairs of _ nerves. |
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Definition
| 31, peripheral, 12, cranial (exit the brain through holes in the skull) |
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| Over _% of the body is composed of _ |
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| Composed of several layers of cells, base of the epidermis is the germinal layer, continually making new cells. |
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| Oily substance called sebum |
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| Sweat glands, sebaceous glands, hair follicles, blood vessels, and specialized nerve endings. |
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| Integrates many body functions. Releases hormones. Controls insulin. |
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| Digestive System contains |
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Definition
| Gastrointestinal tract (stomach and intestines), mouth, salivary, glands, pharynx, esophagus, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, rectum, anus. |
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Definition
| 5" long tubular structure that extends vertically from the back of the mouth to the esophagus and trachea. |
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| Collapsible 10" structure that propels food and liquids muscularly to the stomach. |
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| Flat, solid organ. Contains two types of glands-One that secretes pancreatic juice daily, and the islets of Langerhans, which produces insulin. |
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| Large, solid organ. RUQ. Factorsthat are necessary for blood clotting and for the production of normal plasma are formed here. Principal organ for the storage of sugar or starch for immediate use by the body for energy. |
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| Liver is connected to the intestines by the bile ducts. The gallbladder is an outpouching from the bile ducts that serves as a reservoir and concentrating organ for bile. Bile ducts and gallbladder form the biliary system. |
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| Composed of the duodenum, jejunum, and the ileum. Duodenum is 12" long and receives food from the stomach. The jejunum and ileum are over 20' long on average. |
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| Cecum, colon, rectum. 5' long. FoThe colon, absorbs the final 5% to 10% of digested food. |
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| Rid the blood of toxic waste products and control its balance or water and salt. Large vessels attach the kidneys directly to the aorta and the inferior vena cava. Waste products and water are constantly filtered from the blood to form urine. |
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