Term
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Definition
| four divisions of the abdomen used to pinpoint the location of a pain or injury: the right upper quadrant ( RUQ), the left upper quadrant ( LUQ), the right lower quadrant ( RLQ), and the left lower quadrant ( LLQ). |
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Term
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Definition
| the pelvic socket into which the ball at the proximal end of the femur fits to form the hip joint. |
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Term
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Definition
| joint the joint where the acromion and the clavicle meet. |
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Term
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Definition
| process the highest portion of the shoulder. |
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Term
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Definition
| the microscopic sacs of the lungs where gas exchange with the bloodstream takes place. |
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Term
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Definition
| the standard reference position for the body in the study of anatomy. In this position, the body is stand-ing erect, facing the observer, with arms down at the sides and the palms of the hands forward. |
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Term
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Definition
| the study of body structure. |
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Term
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Definition
| the front of the body or body part. |
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Term
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Definition
| the largest artery in the body. It transports blood from the left ventricle to begin systemic circulation. |
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Term
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Definition
| a small tube located near the junction of the small and large intestines in the right lower quadrant of the abdomen, the function of which is not well understood. Its inflammation, called appendicitis, is a common cause of abdominal pain. |
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Term
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Definition
| the smallest kind of artery. |
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Term
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Definition
| any blood vessel carrying blood away from the heart. |
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Term
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Definition
| the two upper chambers of the heart. There is a right atrium ( which receives unoxygenated blood returning from the body) and a left atrium ( which receives oxygenated blood returning from the lungs). |
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Term
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Definition
| the ability of the heart to generate and conduct electrical impulses on its own. |
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Term
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Definition
| nervous system the division of the peripheral nervous system that controls involuntary motor functions. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the round sac- like organ of the renal system used as a reservoir for urine. |
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Term
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Definition
| the pressure caused by blood exerting force against the walls of blood vessels. Usually arterial blood pressure ( the pressure in an artery) is measured. There are two types: dia-stolic blood pressure and systolic blood pressure. |
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Term
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Definition
| artery of the upper arm; the site of the pulse checked during infant CPR. |
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Term
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Definition
| the two large sets of branches that come off the trachea and enter the lungs. There are right and left bronchi. Singular bronchus. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| a thin- walled, microscopic blood ves-sel where the oxygen/ carbon dioxide and nutrient/ waste ex-change with the body’s cells takes place. |
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Term
| cardiac conduction system |
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Definition
| a system of specialized muscle tissues that conducts electrical impulses that stimulate the heart to beat. |
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Term
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Definition
| specialized involuntary muscle found only in the heart. |
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Term
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Definition
| the system made up of the heart ( cardio) and the blood vessels ( vascular); the circulatory system. Sometimes called the circulatory system. |
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Term
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Definition
| the large neck arteries, one on each side of the neck, that carry blood from the heart to the head. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| central nervous system ( CNS) |
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Definition
| the brain and spinal cord. central pulses the carotid and femoral pulses, which can be felt in the central part of the body. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| a word root with an added vowel that can be joined with other words, roots, or suffixes to form a new word; for example, the combining form therm/ o, which added to meter makes the new word thermometer. |
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Term
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Definition
| a word formed from two or more whole words; for ex-ample, the compound smallpox formed from small and pox. |
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Term
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Definition
| arteries blood vessels that supply the muscle of the heart |
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Term
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Definition
| the top, back, and sides of the skull. |
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Term
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Definition
| the ring- shaped structure that forms the lower portion of the larynx. |
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Term
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Definition
| the inner ( second) layer of skin, rich in blood vessels and nerves, found beneath the epidermis. |
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Term
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Definition
| the muscular structure that divides the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity. A major muscle of respiration. |
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Term
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Definition
| the pressure in the arteries when the left ventricle is refilling. |
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Term
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Definition
| system by which food travels through the body and is digested, or broken down into absorbable forms. |
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Term
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Definition
| farther away from the torso. See also proximal. |
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Term
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Definition
| referring to the back of the body or the back of the hand or foot. A synonym for posterior. |
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Term
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Definition
| artery artery supplying the foot, lateral to the large tendon of the big toe. |
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Term
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Definition
| system of glands that produce chemicals called hormones that help to regulate many body activ-ities and functions. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| a leaf- shaped structure that pre-vents food and foreign matter from entering the trachea. |
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Term
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Definition
| a hormone produced by the body. As a medication, it dilates respiratory passages and is used to relieve severe allergic reactions. |
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Term
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Definition
| a passive process in which the intercostal ( rib) muscles and the diaphragm relax, causing the chest cavity to decrease in size and air to flow out of the lungs. |
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Term
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Definition
| artery the major artery supplying the leg. |
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Term
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Definition
| the large bone of the thigh. |
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Term
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Definition
| the lateral and smaller bone of the lower leg. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| a sac on the underside of the liver that stores bile produced by the liver. |
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Term
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Definition
| the bone of the upper arm, between the shoulder and the elbow. |
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Term
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Definition
| inadequate perfusion of the cells and tissues of the body caused by insufficient flow of blood through the capillar-ies. Also called shock. See also perfusion. |
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Term
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Definition
| the superior and widest portion of the pelvis. |
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Term
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Definition
| away from the head; usually compared with another struc-ture that is closer to the head ( e. g., the lips are inferior to the nose). |
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Term
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Definition
| an active process in which the intercostal ( rib) muscles and the diaphragm contract, expanding the size of the chest cavity and causing air to flow into the lungs. |
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Term
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Definition
| a hormone produced by the pancreas or taken as a medication by many diabetics. |
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Term
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Definition
| muscle that responds automatically to brain signals but cannot be consciously controlled. |
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Term
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Definition
| the lower, posterior portions of the pelvis. joint the point where two bones come together. |
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Term
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Definition
| organs of the renal system used to filter blood and regu-late fluid levels in the body. |
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Term
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Definition
| the muscular tube that removes water from waste products received from the small intestine and moves anything not absorbed by the body toward excretion from the body. |
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Term
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Definition
| the voice box. lateral to the side, away from the midline of the body. |
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Term
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Definition
| tissue that connects bone to bone. |
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Term
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Definition
| the largest organ of the body, which produces bile to assist in breakdown of fats and assists in the metabolism of various sub-stances in the body. |
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Term
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Definition
| the organs where exchange of atmospheric oxygen and waste carbon dioxide take place. |
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Term
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Definition
| protrusion on the side of the ankle. The lateral malleolus, at the lower end of the fibula, is seen on the outer ankle; the medial malleolus, at the lower end of the tibia, is seen on the inner ankle. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the superior portion of the sternum. |
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Term
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Definition
| the two fused bones forming the upper jaw. |
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Term
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Definition
| toward the midline of the body. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| a line drawn vertically from the middle of the armpit to the ankle. |
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Term
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Definition
| the line through the center of each clavicle. |
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Term
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Definition
| an imaginary line drawn down the center of the body, di-viding it into right and left halves. |
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Term
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Definition
| tissue that can contract to allow movement of a body part. |
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Term
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Definition
| the sys-tem of bones and skeletal muscles that support and protect the body and permit movement. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the area directly posterior to the nose. |
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Term
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Definition
| the system of brain, spinal cord, and nerves that govern sensation, movement, and thought. |
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Term
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Definition
| the bony structures around the eyes; the eye sockets. |
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Term
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Definition
| the area directly posterior to the mouth. |
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Term
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Definition
| egg- producing organs within the female reproductive system. |
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Term
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Definition
| referring to the palm of the hand. |
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Term
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Definition
| a gland located behind the stomach that produces in-sulin and juices that assist in digestion of food in the duodenum of the small intestine. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the basin- shaped bony structure that supports the spine and is the point of proximal attachment for the lower extremities. |
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Term
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Definition
| the organ of male reproduction responsible for sexual in-tercourse and the transfer of sperm. |
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Term
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Definition
| the supply of oxygen to, and removal of wastes from, the cells and tissues of the body as a result of the flow of blood through the capillaries. |
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Term
| peripheral nervous system ( PNS) |
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Definition
| the nerves that enter and leave the spinal cord and travel between the brain and organs without passing through the spinal cord. |
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Term
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Definition
| the radial, brachial, posterior tibial, and dor-salis pedis pulses, which can be felt at peripheral ( outlying) points of the body. |
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Term
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Definition
| the toe bones and finger bones. |
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Term
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Definition
| the area directly posterior to the mouth and nose. It is made up of the oropharynx and the nasopharynx. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| a flat surface formed when slicing through a solid object. |
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Term
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Definition
| referring to the sole of the foot. |
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Term
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Definition
| the fluid portion of the blood. |
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Term
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Definition
| components of the blood; membrane- enclosed frag-ments of specialized cells. |
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Term
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Definition
| the back of the body or body part. |
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Term
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Definition
| artery artery supplying the foot, behind the medial ankle. |
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Term
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Definition
| word part added to the beginning of a root or word to mod-ify or qualify its meaning; for example, the prefix bi- added to the word lateral to form the word bilateral. prone lying face down. |
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Term
|
Definition
| closer to the torso. See also distal. |
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Term
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Definition
| the medial anterior portion of the pelvis. |
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Term
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Definition
| the vessels that carry de-oxygenated blood from the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs. |
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Term
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Definition
| the vessels that carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart. |
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Term
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Definition
| the rhythmic beats caused as waves of blood move through and expand the arteries. |
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Term
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Definition
| artery of the lower arm. It is felt when taking the pulse at the wrist. |
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Term
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Definition
| the lateral bone of the forearm. |
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Term
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Definition
| lying on the side. Also called lateral recum-bent position. |
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Term
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Definition
| components of the blood. They carry oxygen to, and carbon dioxide away from, the cells. |
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Term
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Definition
| the body system that regulates fluid balance and the filtration of blood. Also called the urinary system. |
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Term
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Definition
| the body system that is responsible for hu-man reproduction. |
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Term
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Definition
| the process of moving oxygen and carbon dioxide between circulating blood and the cells. |
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Term
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Definition
| the system of nose, mouth, throat, lungs, and muscles that brings oxygen into the body and expels carbon dioxide. |
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Term
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Definition
| foundation of a word that is not a word that can stand on its own; for example, the root cardi, meaning “ heart,” in words such as cardiac and cardiology. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
|
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Term
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Definition
| the layer of tissue between the body and the external environment. |
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Term
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Definition
| the bony structure of the head. |
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Term
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Definition
| the muscular tube between the stomach and the large intestine, divided into the duodenum, the jejunum, and the ileum, which receives partially digested food from the stomach and continues digestion. Nutrients are absorbed by the body through its walls. |
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Term
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Definition
| an organ located in the left upper quadrant of the ab-domen that acts as a blood filtration system and a reservoir for re-serves of blood. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| muscular sac between the esophagus and the small in-testine where digestion of food begins. |
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Term
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Definition
| layers the layers of fat and soft tissues found below the dermis. |
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Term
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Definition
| word part added to the end of a root or word to complete its meaning; for example, the suffix – itis added to the root laryng to form the word laryngitis. |
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Term
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Definition
| toward the head ( e. g., the chest is superior to the abdomen). |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the pressure created in the arteries when the left ventricle contracts and forces blood out into circulation. |
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Term
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Definition
|
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Term
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Definition
| tissue that connects muscle to bone. |
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Term
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Definition
| the male organs of reproduction used for the production of sperm. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| the wing- shaped plate of cartilage that sits anterior to the larynx and forms the Adam’s apple. |
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Term
|
Definition
| the medial and larger bone of the lower leg. |
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Term
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Definition
| the trunk of the body; the body without the head and the extremities. |
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Term
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Definition
| the “ windpipe”; the structure that con-nects the pharynx to the lungs. |
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Term
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Definition
| a position in which the patient’s feet and legs are higher than the head. |
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Term
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Definition
| the medial bone of the forearm. |
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Term
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Definition
| the tubes connecting the kidneys to the bladder. |
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Term
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Definition
| tube connecting the bladder to the vagina or penis for excretion of urine. |
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Term
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Definition
| female organ of reproduction used to house the developing fetus. |
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Term
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Definition
| the female organ of reproduction used for both sexual intercourse and as an exit from the uterus for the fetus. |
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Term
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Definition
| a structure that opens and closes to permit the flow of a fluid in only one direction. |
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Term
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Definition
| any blood vessel returning blood to the heart. |
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Term
|
Definition
| the superior vena cava and the in-ferior vena cava. These two major veins return blood from the body to the right atrium. ( Venae cavae is plural, vena cava singular.) |
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Term
|
Definition
| the process of moving gases ( oxygen and carbon diox-ide) between inhaled air and the pulmonary circulation of blood. |
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Term
|
Definition
| referring to the front of the body. A synonym for anterior. |
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Term
|
Definition
| the two lower chambers of the heart. There is a right ventricle ( which sends oxygen- poor blood to the lungs) and a left ventricle ( which sends oxygen- rich blood to the body). |
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Term
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Definition
| the smallest kind of vein. |
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Term
|
Definition
| the 33 bones of the spinal column. |
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Term
|
Definition
| muscle that can be consciously controlled. |
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Term
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Definition
| components of the blood. They produce sub-stances that help the body fight infection. |
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Term
|
Definition
| process the inferior portion of the sternum. |
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Term
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Definition
| arches bones that form the struc-ture of the cheeks. |
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Term
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Definition
| the cellular process in which oxygen is used to metabolize glucose. Energy is produced in an ef-ficient manner with minimal waste products. |
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Term
|
Definition
| the cellular process in which glucose is metabolized into energy without oxygen. Energy is produced in an inefficient manner with many waste products. |
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Term
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Definition
| the amount of blood ejected from the heart in 1 minute ( heart rate times stroke volume). |
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Term
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Definition
| chemical sensors in the brain and blood vessels that identify changing levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide. |
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Term
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Definition
| air that occupies the space between the mouth and alveoli but that does not actually reach the area of gas exchange. |
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Term
|
Definition
| an abnormally low amount of water in the body. |
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Term
|
Definition
| swelling associated with the movement of water into the interstitial space. |
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Term
|
Definition
| a substance that, when dissolved in water, separates into charged particles. |
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Term
|
Definition
| fraction of inspired oxygen; the concentration of oxygen in the air we breathe. |
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Term
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Definition
| the pressure within a blood vessel that tends to push water out of the vessel. |
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Term
|
Definition
| an exaggerated response by the immune sys-tem to a particular substance. |
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Term
|
Definition
| inability of the body to adequately circulate blood to the body’s cells to supply them with oxygen and nutrients. Also called shock. |
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Term
|
Definition
| the cellular function of con-verting nutrients into energy. |
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Term
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Definition
| the amount of air breathed in during each respi-ration multiplied by the number of breaths per minute. |
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Term
|
Definition
| open and clear; free from obstruction. |
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Term
|
Definition
| the study of how disease processes affect the function of the body. |
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Term
|
Definition
| the supply of oxygen to, and re-moval of wastes from, the cells and tissues of the body as a result of the flow of blood through the capillaries. |
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Term
|
Definition
| the pull ex-erted by large proteins in the plasma portion of blood that tends to pull water from the body into the bloodstream. |
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Term
|
Definition
| the inability of the body to adequately circulate blood to the body’s cells to supply them with oxygen and nutrients. Also called hypoperfusion. A life- threatening condition. |
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Term
|
Definition
| sensors in blood vessels that identify internal pressure. |
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Term
|
Definition
| the amount of blood ejected from the heart in one contraction. |
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Term
| systemic vascular resistance ( SVR) |
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Definition
| the pressure in the pe-ripheral blood vessels that the heart must overcome in order to pump blood into the system. |
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Term
|
Definition
| the volume of air moved in one cycle of breathing. V/ Q match ventilation/ perfusion match. This implies that the alveoli are supplied with enough air and that the air in the alveoli is matched with sufficient blood in the pulmonary capillaries to permit optimum exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide. |
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Term
|
Definition
| the passageway by which air enters or leaves the body. The structures of the airway are the nose, mouth, pharynx, larynx, tra-chea, bronchi, and lungs. See also patent airway. |
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Term
|
Definition
| the contraction of smooth muscle that lines the bronchial passages that results in a decreased internal diameter of the airway and in-creased resistance to air flow. |
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Term
|
Definition
| vomiting or retching that results when something is placed in the back of the pharynx. This is tied to the swallow reflex. |
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Term
| head- tilt, chin- lift maneuver |
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Definition
| a means of correcting blockage of the airway by the tongue by tilting the head back and lifting the chin. Used when no trauma, or injury, is suspected. |
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Term
|
Definition
| a means of correcting blockage of the air-way by moving the jaw forward without tilting the head or neck. Used when trauma, or injury, is suspected to open the airway with-out causing further injury to the spinal cord in the neck. |
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Term
|
Definition
| airway a flexible breathing tube inserted through the patient’s nostril into the pharynx to help maintain an open airway. |
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Term
|
Definition
| airway a curved device inserted through the patient’s mouth into the pharynx to help maintain an open airway. |
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Term
|
Definition
| an airway ( passage from nose or mouth to lungs) that is open and clear and will remain open and clear, without in-terference to the passage of air into and out of the body. |
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Term
|
Definition
| a high pitched sound generated from par-tially obstructed air flow in the upper airway. |
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Term
|
Definition
| use of a vacuum device to remove blood, vomitus, and other secretions or foreign materials from the airway. |
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Term
|
Definition
| when breathing completely stops. |
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Term
|
Definition
| increased work of breathing; a sensation of shortness of breath. |
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Term
|
Definition
| the reduction of breathing to the point where oxygen intake is not sufficient to support life. |
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Term
|
Definition
| a permanent surgical opening in the neck through which the patient breathes. |
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Term
|
Definition
| a device designed to be placed over a stoma or tracheostomy tube to provide supplemental oxygen. |
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Term
|
Definition
| breathing in and out ( inhalation and exhalation), or artificial provision of breaths. |
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Term
|
Definition
| a face mask and reservoir bag device that deliv-ers specific concentrations of oxygen by mixing oxygen with in-haled air. |
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Term
|
Definition
| the amount of air that reaches the alveoli. |
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Term
|
Definition
| forcing air or oxygen into the lungs when a patient has stopped breathing or has inadequate breathing. Also called positive pressure ventilation. automatic transport ventilator ( ATV) a device that provides positive pressure ventilations. It includes settings designed to ad-just ventilation rate and volume, is portable, and is easily carried on an ambulance. |
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Term
|
Definition
| a handheld device with a face mask and self- refilling bag that can be squeezed to provide artificial ventilations to a patient. It can deliver air from the atmosphere or oxygen from a supplemental oxygen supply system. |
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Term
|
Definition
| the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between cells and circulating blood. |
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Term
|
Definition
| pressure applied to the cricoid ring to minimize air entry into the esophagus during positive pressure ventilation. Also called Sellick maneuver. |
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Term
|
Definition
| a blue or gray color resulting from lack of oxygen in the body. |
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Term
|
Definition
| a process by which molecules move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. |
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Term
|
Definition
| a valve that indicates the flow of oxygen in liters per minute. |
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|
Term
| flow- restricted, oxygen- powered ventilation device ( FROPVD) |
|
Definition
| a device that uses oxygen under pressure to deliver artificial ventilations. Its trigger is placed so that the rescuer can operate it while still using both hands to maintain a seal on the face mask. It has automatic flow restriction to prevent overdeliv-ery of oxygen to the patient. |
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Term
|
Definition
| a device connected to the flowmeter to add moisture to the dry oxygen coming from an oxygen cylinder. |
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Term
|
Definition
| a device that deliv-ers low concentrations of oxygen through two prongs that rest in the patient’s nostrils. |
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Term
|
Definition
| mask a face mask and reservoir bag de-vice that delivers high concentrations of oxygen. The patient’s ex-haled air escapes through a valve and is not rebreathed. |
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Term
|
Definition
| a cylinder filled with oxygen under pressure. |
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Term
|
Definition
| a face mask and reservoir oxygen bag with no one- way valve to the reservoir bag so that some exhaled air mixes with the oxygen; used in some patients to help preserve carbon dioxide levels in the blood to stimulate breathing. |
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Term
|
Definition
| a device, usually with a one- way valve, to aid in artificial ventilation. A rescuer breathes through the valve when the mask is placed over the patient’s face. It also acts as a barrier to prevent contact with a patient’s breath or body fluids. It can be used with supplemental oxygen when fitted with an oxy-gen inlet. |
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Term
|
Definition
| a device connected to an oxygen cylinder to reduce cylinder pressure so it is safe for delivery of oxygen to a patient. |
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Term
|
Definition
| the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the alveoli and circulating blood in the pul-monary capillaries. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the alveoli and the blood ( pulmonary respiration) and between the blood and the cells ( cellular respira-tion). Also used to mean, simply, breathing. |
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Term
|
Definition
| an insufficiency of oxygen in the body’s tissues. |
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