Term
| What type of headache is gradual in onset and associated with hypercoagulable states? |
|
Definition
| Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) |
|
|
Term
| What type of headache is worse at night and in the cold? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Labs to order if you suspect temporal arteritis? |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Pt cannot straighten knee when hip is flexed |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Flexion of neck produces hip flexion |
|
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Term
| What is the treatment for Wolff-parkinson-white syndrome? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the etiology of WPW? |
|
Definition
| Reentrant pathway in both directions --> delta wave b/c ventricles depolarize too quickly |
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Term
|
Definition
| Magnesium- often caused by low mg |
|
|
Term
| Medication for bradycardia? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What are the Hs and Ts (potential causes of PEA- pulseless electrical activity)? |
|
Definition
Hypovolemia, hypoglycemia, hypo/hyperkalemia, hypoxia, hydrogen ion (acidosis), hypothermia
Toxins, tamponade, tension pneumo, thrombosis, trauma |
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Term
| What are the major differences between aortic dissections types A and B? |
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Definition
A- Involve aortic arch, present w/ chest pain, treated surgically
B- Below branchoff of subclavian artery, present w/ back pain, treated medically |
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Term
| Clinical presentation of abdominal aortic dissection |
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Definition
Maximal intensity onset of pain (chest- type A, back- type B)
Weakness, paresthesias |
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Term
| Diagnostic test of choice for AAD |
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Heart rate control w/ beta-blockers (goal 60-80), BP control w/ nitroglycerin (systolic goal 100-120) |
|
|
Term
| What are some clinical manifestations of testicular torsion? |
|
Definition
-Nausea/vomiting
-Swollen testis
-Absent cremasteric reflex
-Hard testis on palpation
-High riding testis |
|
|
Term
| Typical ages of onset of testicular torsion? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Elevation of testis- will relieve pain in epidydimitis, worsen pain in torsion |
|
|
Term
| What is Fourniers gangrene? |
|
Definition
| Necrotizing fasciitis of perineum |
|
|
Term
| mechanism of wedge fracture? location? stable/unstable? |
|
Definition
| Flexion, below C2, stable |
|
|
Term
| mechanism of teardrop fracture? location? stable/unstable? |
|
Definition
| flexion, below C2, unstable- most likely involves ligamentous tear |
|
|
Term
| Is the clay shoveler's fracture stable or unstable |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of fracture is a bilateral pedicle fracture of c2 caused by hyperextension of the neck? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of fracture is a compression fx of c1? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the antidote for isoniazid OD? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the antidote for organophosphate or insecticide overdose? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the antidote for CO poisoning? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the antidote for anticholinergic OD? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What substance typically causes cholinergic toxidrome and who is susceptible? |
|
Definition
| Organophosphates- agricultural workers |
|
|
Term
| Does anticholinergic syndrome present with dry or sweaty skin? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Does sympathomimetic syndrome present with dry or sweaty skin? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is neuroleptic malignant syndrome? |
|
Definition
| Caused by antipsychotic meds- fever, altered MS, elevated creatine kinase, muscle rigidity |
|
|
Term
| What is a medical treatment for serotonin syndrome? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Antidote for neuroleptic malignant syndrome? |
|
Definition
| Dopamine agonists- bromocriptine |
|
|
Term
| What is an antidote for benzo OD? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What QT interval level is concerning for arrhythmia? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Drugs that cause QT prolongation? |
|
Definition
| Antihistamines, fluoroquinolones, antipsychotics, arrhythmics |
|
|
Term
| Electrolyte abnormalities that can cause QT prolongation? |
|
Definition
| Hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia |
|
|
Term
| What two meds are first-line treatment for UTI? |
|
Definition
| Cephalexin, nitrofurantoin |
|
|
Term
| What EKG finding is associated w/ hypothermia? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the plexus most commonly affected by nosebleeds? Is it in the anterior or posterior portion of the nose? |
|
Definition
Kiesselbach's
Anterior portion of nose |
|
|
Term
| What is the plexus in the posterior nasal cavity and the artery associated with it? |
|
Definition
Woodruff's plexus
Sphenopalatine artery |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| K+ channel blocker- antiarrhythmic |
|
|
Term
| What is isoproterenol and what is it used to treat? |
|
Definition
| Beta agonist, bradycardia |
|
|
Term
| How are cotton wool spots described and what do they represent? |
|
Definition
Fluffy white patches
Damage to axons- microinfarcts |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Lipid deposits (waxy, can be yellow, sharp borders) from leakage from damaged capillaries (Diabetes) |
|
|
Term
| What retinal finding are associated w/ macular degeneration? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Treatment for hypertensive encephalopathy? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the major difference between nicardipine and nifedipine? |
|
Definition
| Nicardipine more selective for cerebral and coronary vessels |
|
|
Term
| Initial medical management of acute aortic dissection? |
|
Definition
| Esmolol to lower heart rate <60 |
|
|
Term
| Once heart rate is controlled in acute aortic dissection, what is next step medical therapy? |
|
Definition
| Vasodilator- nitroprusside or nicardipine |
|
|
Term
| What does electrical alternans look like on EKG? |
|
Definition
| Beat-to-beat alternation in the QRS appearance |
|
|
Term
| Goal HR and BP in acute aortic dissection? |
|
Definition
| HR <60, systolic BP 100 to 120 |
|
|
Term
| What is one of the reflex side effects of vasodilators? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Does the "whooping cough" appear during the catarrhal or paroxysmal phase of b. pertussis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is first line antibiotic treatment in B. pertussis? |
|
Definition
| Azithro or clarithromycin |
|
|
Term
| What is the underlying pathophysiology causing a tet spell? |
|
Definition
| Worsening R ventricular outflow obstruction --> decreased pulmonary blood flow --> hypoxia --> cyanosis |
|
|
Term
| Symptoms of arsenic poisoning? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Symptoms of cyanide poisoning? |
|
Definition
| Coma, apnea, metabolic acidosis, hypotension |
|
|
Term
| Symptoms of strychnine poisoning? |
|
Definition
| Similar to tetanus- recurrent, episodic involuntary muscle contractions |
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