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Emergency Management Midterm Study
Study cards for Emergency Management midterm
93
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Professional
09/27/2010

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Term
FEMA Disaster ID # for Hurricane Katrina
Definition
FEMA Disaster ID # for Hurricane Katrina = 1603
Term
FEMA Disaster ID # for Hurricane Rita
Definition
FEMA Disaster ID # for Hurricane Rita = 1607
Term
What is IBC?
Definition
IBC = International Building Code = international set of building standards
Term
What is BFE / ABFE
Definition
BFE = Base Flood Elevation, ABFE = Adjusted Base Flood Elevation => minimum floor height above LOWEST point on ground for a building
Term
What are the flood zones?
Definition
V, A, B, C => A is worst, C is not so bad
Term
Define: MITIGATION
Definition
Predisaster attempts to reduce damage to people/property in event of a disaster
Term
Dry vs. wet floodproofing
Definition
Dry = keeping things dry (building seals, BFE, strong windows/walls)
Wet = easily replace or dry out things after they get wet (carpet squares, stainless steel, etc)
Term
What is the minimum windload for anything mounted to a roof?
Definition
130 mph windload
Term
What is the deadliest hurricane in US history?
Definition
Galveston hurricane of 1900 (6000+ dead)
Term
Describe measures taken after Galveston hurricane of 1900
Definition
Built 15-foot seawall, lots of population moved away
Term
What is the role of the FEDERAL gov't in emergency situations?
Definition
Always SECONDARY -> comes in when state requests help
Term
Where does a state send a request for federal help to?
Definition
Sends to FEMA Regional center (for Louisiana, FEMA Region 6 in Texas)
Term
What is the TVA, and why is it significant?
Definition
Tennessee Valley Authority. Began idea that humans could control nature -> dangerous because people started moving into previously uninhabitable areas, depending on constructions for safety
Term
What was the role of emergency management in the 1950s?
Definition
Civil Defense - air raids, bomb shelters
Term
What is the NFIP? When was it created?
Definition
National Flood Insurance Program, created in 1968. Federally mandated/funded programs that provided insurance for flood areas - by 1972, ALL federally backed mortgages HAVE to have NFIP coverage
Term
Who proposed the NFIP?
Definition
Louisiana Congressman Hale Boggs
Term
What is HUD, when was it created?
Definition
Housing and Urban Development, created in 1974 to be the primary agency for disaster response/recovery pre-FEMA. Still manages CDBG.
Term
What is CDBG? What is it for?
Definition
Community Development Block Grants, managed by HUD. Least red tape of any money in federal gov't. Goes toward community developments, buying up property in threatened areas.
Term
When was FEMA created?
Definition
1978
Term
How many committees oversaw FEMA when it was created?
Definition
23 committees (more now)
Term
Who became FEMA director in 1992, and why was he significant?
Definition
James Lee Witt, first FEMA director to have actual emergency management experience as state director of Arkansas
Term
What is Project Impact?
Definition
FEMA program implemented under Director Witt, aimed at community education and preparation at a local level (saw great success in Seattle earthquake disaster)
Term
When was the Department of Homeland Security created? When did it open its doors?
Definition
Legislation passed Nov. 25, 2002. Opened doors Jan. 24, 2003.
Term
What is the name of the legislation that created FEMA?
Definition
Presidential Reorganization Plan 3 (1978) described what FEMA would be. Actually created by Executive Order 12127 on Mar. 31, 1979.
Term
What was FEMA's role (and under what director) during the Cold War 80's?
Definition
Civil defense against nuclear attack, under Director "the General" Giuffrida
Term
What did the focus of FEMA change to in 2001, and what happened because of it?
Definition
Shifted view to encompass terrorism, began plans for incorporation into DHS.
Term
What and when was "Hurricane Pam"?
Definition
July 2004 theoretical hurricane scenario.
Term
Who was the Director of FEMA for Hurricane Katrina?
Definition
Michael Brown
Term
What scales measure earthquakes?
Definition
Richter scale (overall quanti
Term
What scales measure earthquakes?
Definition
Richter Scale (0 - 10, overall quantity of magnitude) and Modified Mercalli Scale (I - XII, accounts for damage and effect)
Term
What scale measures hurricanes?
Definition
Saffir-Simpson Scale. 1-5, considers windspeed, storm surge, damage effects.
Term
What scale measures tornadoes?
Definition
Fujita-Pearson Scale (Old Scale went F-0 to F-5, basec on windspeed/damage), (Enhanced Scale goes F-0 to F-5, based solely on windspeed)
Term
What scale measured winter storms?
Definition
NESIS scale = Northeast Snowfall Impact Scale (goes 1-5)
Term
What are some types of disasters?
Definition
Floods, earthquakes, hurricanes, tornadoes, storm surges, landslides, tsunamis, volcanoes, severe winter storms, droughts, extreme heat, coastal erosion, thunderstorms, hailstorms, avalanches, dam failures, HazMat incidents, terrorism, nuclear attacks
Term
What scale measures storm surge?
Definition
SLOSH scale
Term
What are the tools of mitigation?
Definition
Hazard identification and mapping, design and construction applications, land-use planning, financial incentives, insurance, structural controls
Term
How might mitigation measures be counterproductive?
Definition
Gives people a false sense of security, people move into areas that are not entirely safe (only protected by some mitigation), if mitigation fails then impact could be greater than if mitigation was not there at all
Term
What is the HMGP?
Definition
Hazard Mitigation Grant Program - after disaster, gives money to communities to implement long-term mitigation measures against future disasters
Term
What are some mitigation measures against tornadoes?
Definition
In-ground or in-home shelters, early warning systems
Term
What is the expanding order of response?
Definition
Response at local level -> calls for state help -> calls for federal help
Term
What is NIMS/ICS?
Definition
National Incident Management System = plan for all-hazards response organization, ICS = Incident Command System, allows for coordinated and effective response to a disaster, especially among multiple agencies or multiple jurisdictions
Term
What are the management divisions within ICS?
Definition
Command, Operations, Planning, Logistics, Finance
Term
In Louisiana, who is the Incident Commander in the event of a hurricane?
Definition
The Governor
Term
What is the NRP?
Definition
The National Response Plan = a national response structure framework
Term
What are the 15 Emergency Support Functions (ESFs)
Definition
Transportation, Communications, Public Works/Engineering, Firefighting, Emergency Management, Mass Care/Housing/Human Services, Resource Support, Public Health and Medical Services, Urban Search and Rescue, Oil and Hazardous Materials Response, Agriculture and Natural Resources, Energy, Public Safety and Security, Long-Term Community Recovery and Mitigation, External Affairs
Term
What is ESF #14?
Definition
Long-Term Community Recovery and Mitigation
Term
What is a JIO? What does it do?
Definition
Joint Information Center - embed the media in the event, help coordinate the flow of information (get the media on YOUR side)
Term
What is an EOC?
Definition
Emergency Operations Center - coordinates emergency response
Term
What is the difference between Single Command and Unified Command?
Definition
Single Command = single Incident Commander (IC), Unified Command = multiple agencies have representatives make decisions, but act as a body
Term
What is a PIO?
Definition
Public Information Officer - coordinates with media
Term
Is emergency management about command and control, or coordination?
Definition
Coordination
Term
What is IA vs. PA? Give examples.
Definition
IA = Individual Assistance (FEMA trailers, loans, emergency debit cards)
PA = Public Assistance (rebuilding public buildings)
Term
What is the difference between 'mitigation' and 'preparedness'?
Definition
Mitigation is designed to LESSEN THE IMPACT of a disaster on people/property.
Preparedness is to ENHANCE THE FUNCTIONAL RESPONSE to a disaster.
Term
What is the preparedness cycle?
Definition
Threat assessment -> Planning/organization/training/equipping -> Exercise -> Evaluate effectiveness of exercise -> Start over
Term
What are some special needs populations?
Definition
Children, elderly, disabled, immigrants, transient (tourists/students), non-English-speaking, poor, illiterate, mentally ill, prisoners, homeless. Also pet owners, sex offenders, and the first responders themselves.
Term
What was the foul-up with the handicapped buses in the Gustav evacuation wait?
Definition
The handicapped waiting for the buses weren't as resilient to the heat during the waiting, and suffered more than the average population.
Term
What is BCP? What does it involve?
Definition
Business Continuity Planning - backing up of records outside disaster area, maintaining payroll records, Negative Time Entry - things to ensure that business can come back
Term
What is Negative Time Entry as part of BCP?
Definition
Making sure that employees are getting paid regardless of whether or not their time is being entered by hand - could be a snafu in a disaster.
Term
When was Three Mile Island, and what came of it?
Definition
1979 radioactive steam release at nuclear power plant. Raised awareness of possibility of disaster, established Nuclear Regulatory Commission (requires plans, exercise, evaluation regularly)
Term
According to Col. Rainwater, why is appearing to be in control of a situation so important?
Definition
The public is looking for someone to reassure them that the situation is controlled, and that everything can return to normal eventually. If they do not perceive that the response is organized or effective, it could result in mass panic that could horribly exacerbate the situation.
Term
According to Col. Rainwater, what is the job of emergency management ultimately about? (How do you know when you've succeeded?)
Definition
All about getting things back to normal as quickly as possible.
Term
What did the 2007 John Warner Defense Reauthorization Act do?
Definition
Allows the President to take control of a state's National Guard in a disaster situation WITHOUT the consent of the Governor (it modifies the 1807 Insurrection Act)
Term
What happens as soon as the President takes control of a state's National Guard?
Definition
All bills become federal
Term
What is the difference between a 'line' agency and a 'staff' agency in disaster response?
Definition
Line agency = responsible for DOING something (DoD, HHS, HUD), but no single agency is responsible for the entire disaster
Staff agency = provides advice and support (NSC, etc)
Term
What is a GAR?
Definition
Governor's Authorized Representative to FEMA
Term
What is a DAE?
Definition
Disaster Assistance Employee - someone who goes through training to be on-call for when a disaster happens in the future, but is not involved in disaster activities on a normal day-to-day basis
Term
What is an SCO?
Definition
FEMA's State Coordinating Officer
Term
What is an FCO?
Definition
Federal Coordinating Officer (senior official in a disaster)
Term
What is Mark Cooper's biggest disaster fear?
Definition
Someone launching a shoulder-mounted missile from a bridge, into Tiger stadium during a packed home game
Term
What is a PFO?
Definition
Principal Federal Official (Senior DHS official)
Term
What is OPA '90
Definition
The legislation passed in the aftermath of the Exxon Valdez incident, describing the management roles and responsibilities of the government and the private sector in an oil incident
Term
According to Col. Rainwater, why is flexibility an important trait in an emergency manager?
Definition
Plans never survive the onset of an actual emergency, it takes creativity and thinking on the spot to effectively run an adaptive response
Term
Can a community be overwhelmed by resources?
Definition
Yes - citizens will see piles of resources and personnel moving around with no apparent organization, will not inspire confidence in officials
Term
According to Col. Rainwater, what is leadership all about?
Definition
Taking risks and accepting responsibility. The best plan is to identify the risks and attack them as directly as possible.
Term
What did Col. Rainwater say regarding data and the ICF monopoly?
Definition
Data management is important! The ICF was doing their own bookkeeping and monitoring, and were cooking the books. Col. Rainwater's solution was to bring in an outside IT agency during the restructuring of the monopoly breakup
Term
According to Col. Rainwater, why did the Louisiana Recovery Authority have zero effect when it was created?
Definition
The director running it could make policy, but had no authority to enforce it.
Term
What did Col. Rainwater say is the most effective direction to work during a disaster response?
Definition
From the bottom -> up. The locals know what they need and how to implement it the best.
Term
What three committees did Mark Cooper reorganize the GOHSEP office to include?
Definition
1. Interface with local OEP directors
2. Political/legislator representative committee liasion to EOC
3. Interoperability committee (radios, etc)
Term
What is the federal/state split in cost before full federal responsibility?
Definition
75% / 25%
Term
At what percentage of damage does FEMA award funding for an entirely new building, vs. fixing up the old one?
Definition
50%
Term
What is the "Get a Game Plan" initiative?
Definition
An effort to increase general population awareness of disasters and to start thinking of response at an individual and family level
Term
What, according to Mark Cooper, are the advantages of a Business EOC?
Definition
Improved communications with critical businesses during and after a disaster, utilizing businesses to help solve emergency management problems (i.e. the MRE shortage during Gustav), help come up with better and quicker Economic Impact plans and updates, begin the recovery process sooner, and support volunteer organizations through retail contacts
Term
What was the first federal assistance to a local disaster?
Definition
Congressional Act of 1803 to provide assistance to Portsmouth, NH after harbor fire
Term
Who was the first DHS secretary?
Definition
Tom Ridge
Term
Define: HAZARD
Definition
A source of danger that may or may not lead to an emergency or disaster and is named after the emergency/disaster that could be so precipitated
Term
Define: DISASTER
Definition
An event that demands substantial crisis response requiring the use of government powers and resources beyond the scope of one line agency or service
Term
Why did the number of tornado deaths drop substantially in the early 1920s and continue dropping to this day?
Definition
Better early detection and communication warning systems, implementation of shelters -> MITIGATION
Term
What are the three types of wildfires?
Definition
Surface fire (brush, slow-moving), crown fire (fast spreading, treetop to treetop), ground fire (started by lighting, burns on or below ground)
Term
Why was the 1995 Chicago Heat Wave such a disaster?
Definition
Not recognized as a threat, no central coordination, no recognition of vulnerable populations
Term
What is HAZUS?
Definition
Methodology for estimating damage from earthquakes at the most local levels
Term
Which event under which president prompted the NFIP?
Definition
Hurricane Betsy under Lyndon Johnson
Term
What was the costliest disaster in US history?
Definition
Hurricane Katrina
Term
What is a PW?
Definition
A FEMA project worksheet, for managing funds
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