Term
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Definition
| conversion of germ cells into male (spermatozoa) and female (oocyte) gametes |
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Term
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Definition
| production of oocytes in females |
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Term
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Definition
| production of spermatozoa in males |
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Term
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Definition
cell duplication, one cell divides into two identical cells with same number of chromosomes
used for growth and repair |
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Term
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Definition
reduction division
division to produce a cell (or cells) with 1/2 original number of chromosomes
females: oocyte with 23 chromosomes and 3 polar bodies
males: 4 spermatids with 23 chromosomes (2 X and 2 Y) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| male gamete, primary = 46 chromosomes at start of meiosis 1, secondary = 23 chromosomes at start of meiosis 2 |
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Term
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Definition
product of meiosis 2 from secondary spermatocytes, 23 single chromosomes
will develop into spermatozoa |
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Term
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Definition
| spermatids develop into sperm (inactive) that are only activated during capacitation |
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Term
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Definition
maturation of sperm within the female reproductive tract (active)
gives it head and tail for motility |
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Term
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Definition
female gamete, primary = 46 chromsomes at start of meiosis 1,
one secondary forms at start of meiosis 2 = 23 chromosomes |
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Term
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Definition
membrane surrounding the secondary oocyte
must be penetrated by sperm |
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Term
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Definition
| cluster of cells around zona pellucida that sperm must penetrate |
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Term
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Definition
sperm must penetrate corona radiata,zona pellucida, and oocyte membrane
normally in ampulla of uterine tube
oocyte finishes meiosis 2 and forms female pronucleus, zona pellucida is impenetrable, and head of sperm detaches forming male pronucleus |
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Term
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Definition
| series of mitotic divisions after fertilization |
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Term
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Definition
| cells formed during cleavage |
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Term
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Definition
| After 16 blastomeres form, morula enters uterus on 3rd/4th day |
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Term
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Definition
| Morula that has developed blastocyst cavity and inner layer(develops into embryoblast) and outer layer (develops into trophoblast) |
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Term
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Definition
perimetrium- outer lining
myometrium- middle muscular lining
endometrium- inner lining, sheds and regenerates |
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Term
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Definition
| result of numerous cell divisions in a closed space |
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Term
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Definition
| blastocyst uses trophoblast to implant in uterine cavity epithelium |
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Term
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Definition
develops from outer layer of morula
pipeworks for nutrients in and waste out
2 layers:
cytotrophoblast
synctiotrophoblast |
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Term
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Definition
distinct cell boundaries
undergoes mitotic division to form synctiotrophoblast
burrows, forms yolk sac
will form chorionic villi |
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Term
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Definition
grows into endometrium to connect with endometrial blood vessels and glands
produces hCG
forms primary chorionic villi, basis of placenta |
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Term
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Definition
human Chorionic Gonadroptropin
hormone that is detectable in mother's blood and urine by day 8 and 10, respectively |
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Term
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Definition
implantation outside uterine cavity
uterine tube, abdominal cavity, peritoneal covering, interal opening of uterus |
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Term
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Definition
inner cell mass of blastocyst
epiblast- outer layer forming the extraembryonic somatic mesoderm
hypoblast- ventral, lower layer |
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Term
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Definition
2 layers:
somatopleure
splanchnopleure |
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Term
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Definition
2 layers:
epiblast- forms amniotic cavity
hypoblast- line cytotrophoblast and forms yolk sac |
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Term
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Definition
trophoblast forms cytotrophoblast and syncytiotrophoblast
embryoblast forms epiblast and hypoblast
extraembryonic mesoderm forms somatopleure and splanchnopleure
two cavities- amniotic and yolk sac |
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Term
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Definition
development of 3 layered disk of germ layers:
ectoderm
mesoderm
endoderm
all adult cells traceable to these 3 layers |
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Term
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Definition
forms during gastrulation
composed of primitive groove, the primitive node
cephalic end of streak surrounded by primitive pit |
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Term
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Definition
epiblast migrates and slips under primitive streak
forms endoderm
middle cells form mesoderm
remaining cells form endoderm |
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Term
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Definition
forms during mesoderm formation
lies between ectoderm and endoderm
instigates organ formation, first indication of an axial skeleton |
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Term
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Definition
loaves of bread, collections of mesoderm
little bodies on either side of developing spinal chord |
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Term
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Definition
Forms body cavities
splanchnic mesoderm form smooth and cardiac muscle cells |
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Term
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Definition
beginning of nervous system (third week)
ectoderm thickens into neural plate--> neuroectoderm which folds into spinal chord
neural crest forms |
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Term
| Organs/structures from ectoderm |
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Definition
maintain contact with outside world
nervous system, sensory epithelium of ear, nose, eye, skin, and hair, nails, pituitary, mammary, and sweat glands, enamel of teeth |
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Term
| Organs/structures from mesoderm |
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Definition
connective tissues, tendons, cartilage, everything else
bone, muscle, urogenital, blood cells, adrenal cortex |
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Term
| Organs/structures from endoderm |
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Definition
| GI tract, epithelium of respiratory tract, thyroid, liver, pancreas, tonsils, thymus, urinary bladder, urethra, tympanic cavity and auditory tube |
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Term
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Definition
complicated, know:
paraxial
intermediate- will form urogenital structures
lateral plate |
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Term
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Definition
2 umbilical arteries, 1 umbilical vein
placental barrier is not totally FIRM
IgM and other nutrients cross |
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