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| Cleavage (division of the zygote into balstomeres) |
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| zona pellucida gradually dissapears |
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| Trophoblast differentiates into Cytotrophoblast and Syncytiotrophoblast |
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| Closing plug gone- is now endometrium |
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| Prechordial plate (formed by hypoblastic cells- future mouth) |
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| 1st sign of primitive streak (approximate) |
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| o Gastrulation (approximate) = 3 recognizable layers |
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| Vasculogenesis & angiogenesis begin (approximate) |
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| Primitive streak----primitive groove (approximate)—cells leave to form mesenchyme (3rd laminar disk) |
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| Neural plate (induced by notochord over ectoderm)----becomes neural groove |
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| Mesoderm separates ectoderm and endoderm |
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| o Prechordial plate (furute mouth) |
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| o Cloacal membrane (future anus) |
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| o Notochordal process (median cordal process which will develop into notochord) |
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| Tertiary chorionic villi: Have blood vessels and are anchored |
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| Neural tube begins----separates from ectoderm |
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| Lateral mesoderm gives rise to intraembryonic coelomic spaces: Somatic, Splanchnic |
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| § Allantois, stores urine in embryo, forms urachus. The blood vessels of the allantoic sac become the umbilical arteries |
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| 1st and 2nd pharyngeal arches |
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| o 1st= mandibular/maxillary |
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| Rudiments of all organ systems |
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| **Greatest developmental differences noted during________ week** |
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| Face---heart prominence (cervical bending) |
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| Formation of cervical sinus: 2nd overgrows 3rd and 4th |
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| Heart beat can be detected: Doppler |
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| Mesonephric ridges: Kidneys |
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| Upper limbo: Elbow, Handplate, Digital rays |
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| Spontaneous movements---not felt/detected by mother |
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| Lower limb 4-5 days after upper limb |
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| Auricular Hillocks form between 1st and 2nd pharyngeal, groove—external auditory meatus, auricle forms—ear |
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| Head still large and cervical bending still there |
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| Umbilical herniation: Intestinal growth is greater than space |
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| Limbs change: Notches on digital rays of hand plates, Ossification of upper limb |
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| Digits separate but webbed |
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| Notches on digital rays of feet |
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| Caudal eminence= degenerates @ end of week |
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| o Digits lengthen and separate |
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| o Purposeful limb movements (not detectable) |
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| o Ossification center of femur |
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| o Hands and feet approach |
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| Head grows disproportionately to embryo (embryo is ½ of head proportionally) |
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| Intestines- umbilical cord |
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| o Sex differences are present but we cannot differentiate |
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| Upper limb reaches relative length |
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| Head still disproportionately large, but growth slows |
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| Primary ossification centers |
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| Coordinated limb movements: Can be seen by sonography (seen not felt) |
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| Eyes move anterior (from anterior/lateral) |
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| Ears- close to final position |
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| Ovaries differentiated: primordial follicles, oogonia |
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| Rapid growth: head small compared to other weeks |
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| Ossification of fetal skeleton |
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| Uterus and Vagina visible |
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| Eyebrows and head hair visible |
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| Quickening: Movements felt |
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| o Lanugo- fine, downy hairs |
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| o Vernix caseosa- greasy, cheesy skin protectant |
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| Brown fat: Sternum (posterior), Root of neck, Perineal |
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| Skin: Wrinkled, Turns from pink to red throughout the week, Translucent |
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| Type II pneumocyte: o Surfactant |
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| **Premature infants may survive, but respiratory system will be immature** |
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| Erythropoesis—bone marrow |
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| Lungs and vasculature: Ready for gas exchange |
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| CNS: Rhythmic breathing, o Controls temperature |
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| Subcutaneous fat: o White fat |
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| *Premature infants can often survive with NICU* |
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| White fat constitutes 8% of body weight |
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| o Past 32 weeks can survive |
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| o Premature by date, not by weight |
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| Spontaneous orientation to light |
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| Circumference of the head= circumference of the abdomen |
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| Weeks 35-38 “Finishing Period” |
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| Growth slows as birth approaches |
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| Weeks 35-38 “Finishing Period” |
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| Weeks 35-38 “Finishing Period” |
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| “Normal” Full-Term Stats for Newborns |
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| “Normal” Full-Term Stats for Newborns |
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| White fat 16% of body weight |
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| “Normal” Full-Term Stats for Newborns |
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| Males are typically longer & heavier than females |
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| “Normal” Full-Term Stats for Newborns |
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| “Normal” Full-Term Stats for Newborns |
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| Testes have descended into scrotum: Doesn’t happen in low or very low birth weights (L/VLBW) |
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| “Normal” Full-Term Stats for Newborns |
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| o 1500-2500 g- survival likely with complications |
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| “Normal” Full-Term Stats for Newborns |
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| o Less than 500 grams- low probability of survival |
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| “Normal” Full-Term Stats for Newborns |
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| All somites are formed by the end of ___. |
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