Term
| What embryonic tissues give rise to the nervous system? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the first structure to form in the developing fetus? |
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Definition
The Nervous system! -happens in week 3 |
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Term
| Describe the first three stages of NS embryonic development. |
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Definition
1. Beginning of 3rd week, NS develops from the neural plate 2. By end of 3rd week, lateral parts of the neural plate rise, and neural folds appear 3. The midline between the folds depresses and forms the neural groove. |
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Term
| Describe neural crest cells and what is their function? |
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Definition
Neural Crest Cells: "they’re very important cells that originate from the formation of the neural tube and help to form the peripheral NS" -Babler -derived from the neural ectoderm -invade mesoderm -migrate outward and cephallically -Induction- respond to signals from surrounding tissues |
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Term
| The neural tube is temporarily open at cranial and caudal ________. When do these areas close? |
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Definition
neuropores Close during the later part of fourth week. |
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Term
| A tuft of hair on the lower back is symptomatic of what neural tube defect? |
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Definition
spina bifida occulta -The spinous process of the vertebra do not form |
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Term
| Describe myelomeningocoele. |
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Definition
The spinal cord protrudes from the body. -Enters into a out-pouching that includes the meninge The worst case scenario is considered TRUE spina bifida. The spinal cord fails to fuse, so all you have is an exposed neural plate without any protective surface material covering it. |
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Term
| What dietary supplement is recommended for pregnant women to reduce the risk of neural tube defects? |
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Definition
Folic Acid -0.4 mg a day -4 mg a day if actively trying to have a child |
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Term
| Describe anencephaly and its causes |
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Definition
Failure of the brain to develop Caused by failure of the neural tube to close rostrally (anteriorly) (Horrible picture Babler put in his PPT) |
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Term
| What parts of the spinal cord are the alar and basal plates associated with? |
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Definition
The alar plates are in the dorsal region of the spinal cord and are associated with sensory reception. The basal plates are are in the ventral region of the spinal cord and are associated with motor innervation. |
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Term
| What is the one glial cell that originates from mesenchyme? |
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Definition
The microglial cell They are related to blood vessels |
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Term
| In a typical adult human, where does the spinal cord typically end? Where is it safe to perform a spinal tap? |
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Definition
The spinal cord usually terminates at the L1 vertebrae Spinal taps are usually performed between the L3/L4 or L4/L5 vertebrae. |
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Term
| What are the cells called that perform myelination on nerves? |
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Definition
| Within the CNS are oligodendrites while in the PNS it is performed by Schwann cells. |
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Term
| What is the origin of oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells? |
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Definition
| They are originally neural crest cells! |
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Term
In the developing brain, name the 3 primary bulges and the 5 secondary bulges and where they are located. |
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Definition
1. Forebrain 1 a. Telencephalon -cerebral hemispheres 1 b. Diencephalon -Thalami 2. Midbrain 2 a. Mesencephalon -Midbrain 3. Hindbrain 3 a. Metencephalon -Pons & Cerebellum 3 b. Myelencephalon -Medulla |
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Term
| Name the five vessicles of the brain and their adult derivatives. |
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Definition
1. Telencephalon -Cerebral Hemisphers 2. Diencephalon -Thalami 3. Mesencephalon -Midbrain 4. Metencephalon -Pons and Cerebellum 5. Myelencephalon -Medulla |
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Term
| What is the pontine flexure and what is its role in brain development? |
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Definition
| The pontine flexure is a dramatic bend in the developing hind brain that divides it into rostral (metencephalon-pons and cerebellum) and caudal (myelencephalon- Medulla oblongata). |
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Term
| Do most of the cranial nerves arise rostrally or caudally of the pontine flexure? |
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Definition
Most of the CN arise caudally of the pontine flexure |
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Term
| What condition occurs when the pathways of CSF are blocked (stenosis)? |
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Definition
Hydrocephaly This can cause brain cell death and the enlargement of brain ventricles. |
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Term
| What condition occurs when the cranial bones fail to fuse properly and a section of the meninges bulges out? |
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Definition
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