Term
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Definition
| lateral plate mesoderm splits to somatic layer and splanchnic layer making pericardial cavity. Pre-cardiac mesoderm sent to splanchnic to form Heart Forming Region (HFR). |
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Term
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Definition
| Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor. secreted by hypertrophied foregut endoderm forming discontinuous vascular channels that get remodeled into a single endocardial tube. |
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Term
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Definition
| mesoderm around the endocardium forms myocardium which secretes a layer of extrracellular matrix proteins called cardiac jelly. |
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Term
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Definition
| mesoderm migrating into cardiac region from coelomic wall near liver forms the epicardium. |
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Term
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Definition
| future aorta, pulmonary trunk |
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Term
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Definition
| smooth part of the right ventricle (conus arateriosus). smooth part of left venntricle (aortic vestible) |
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Term
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Definition
| trabeculated part of right ventricle, trabeculated part of left ventricle |
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Term
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Definition
| trabeculated part of right atrium, trabeculated part of left atrium. |
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Term
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Definition
| will be future smooth part of right atrium (sinus venarum), coronary sinus, oblique vein of left atrium |
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Term
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Definition
| in primitive heart tube, venous blood flows through the left ventricle prior to the right ventricle. must be corrected since normal adult heart venous blood flows into right ventricle. key event in this correction such that location of atrioventricular canal and conoventricular canal properly aligned. |
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Term
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Definition
| early looping is inherently programmed within myocardial cells, convergence of atrioventricular canal and conoventricular canal into alignment, wedging causes conoventricular canal to nestle with formation of aorticopumonary septum. repositioning makes atrioventricular canal straddle right and left ventricles. |
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Term
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Definition
| neuarl crest cells from hind brain migrate through arches 3,4,6 invade truncal ridges and bulbar ridges. these grow and twist to form AP septum. Divides truncus arteriousu and bulbus cordis into aorta and pulmonary trunk |
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Term
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Definition
| persistent truncal arteriosus; caused by abnormal neural crest migration resulting in incomplete AP formation. One giant vessel connected to right and left ventricle. usually accompanied by VSD. associated with marked cyanosis. |
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Term
| Transposition of the Great Arteries |
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Definition
| abnormal neural crest migration in which no spiraling has occured. results in aorta forming right ventricle and pulmonary trunk arising from the left ventricle. systemic pulmonary circulations completely separate. cyanosis. treatment surgery in first couple weeks of life |
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Term
| Formation of the Atrial Septum |
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Definition
| crescent-shpaed septum forms in roof of primitive atrium and grows toward AV cushions in AV canal. foramen primum forms between free edge and AV cushions; closed when septum primum fuses with AV cushions. foramen secundum forms in center of septum primum. Cresent septum secundum forms to right of septum primum. foramen ovale opening between up |
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Term
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Definition
| during embryonic life blood is shunted from the right atrium to the left atrium |
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Term
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Definition
| functional closure of foramen ovale is facilitated both by a decrease in right atrial pressure form occlusion of placental circulation and by an increase in left atrial pressure due |
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Term
| Complete formation of Atrial Septum |
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Definition
| septum primum and septum secundum fuse to complete atrial septum |
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Term
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Definition
excessive resorption of septum primum, septum secundum, or both. Results in
a condition in which there is an opening between the right and left atria |
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Term
| Atrial Septal Defect Treatments |
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Definition
| patient sedated; small catheter inserted into blood vessel and travels to heart surgeon places septal occluder into ASD. resembles closed umbrella delivered to site of defect. device pushed out of catheter across ASD. umbrella patch opene |
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Term
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Definition
| caused by complete failure of septum primum and septum secundum to develop. results in condition in which there is only one large atrium. |
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Term
| Clinical sign and symptoms of common atrium |
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Definition
| poor appetite, failure to gain weight, bluish discoloration of skin, shortness of breath, easy tiring, heart palpitations or skipped beats. Treatment small defects may close on their own, many need surgery |
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Term
| Formation of Atrioventricular Septum |
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Definition
| dorsal AV cushion and ventral AV cushion approach each other and fuse to form the AV septum. AV septum partitions the AV canal into right AV canal and left AV canal |
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Term
| AV septal Defects signs and symptoms |
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Definition
| result from mal-development of endocardial cushions. asymptomatic if small. Large heart failure, dyspnea with feeding, poor growth, tachypnea, arrhythmias. |
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Term
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Definition
| develops in midline of floor of primitive ventricle grows toward fused AV cushions |
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Term
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Definition
| located between the free edge of muscular IV septum and fused AV cushions. used by membranous IV septum, which by proliferation and fushio of tissue from 3 sources: right bulbar ridge, left bulbar ridge, AV cushions. |
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Term
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Definition
| Week 5 myocytes in the sinus venosus undergo spontaneous depolarizations at a tare faster than the rest of the heart. |
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Term
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Definition
| is the only pathway for electrical depolarizations to flow from the atria to ventricles. |
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Term
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Definition
| develops from a ring-like cluster of cells found at the AV junctionthat specifically expresses the homebox gene,msx-2 |
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Term
| Purkinje myocyte development |
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Definition
| are developmentally different that the rest of the heart nerves. It develops from already dedicated contractile cardiac mocytes. |
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Term
| Coronary arteries formation |
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Definition
| 1. progenitor cells migrate from the liver and live near the epicardium. 2. They begin to form vascular channels that grow toward truncus arteriosus. 3. Two of these vascular channels will survive and form the left and right coronary arteries. |
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Term
| Double outlet right ventricle |
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Definition
| this occurs when the aorta and the pulmonary trunk devlop from the right ventricle causing complete separation of both systems. Usually associated with VSD |
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Term
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Definition
| caused by abnormal neural crest migration such that there is skewed development of AP septum. Pulmonary trunk small diameter, Aorta big. 4 malformations:pulmonary stenosis, overriding aorta, VSD, Right ventricular hypertrophy. |
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Term
| Clinical sign and symptoms of Tetralogy of Fallot |
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Definition
| cyanotic. low oxygen blood, from right ventricle passing through VSD directly to aorta. reduced amounts of blood go to lungs because of obstruction from pulmonary stenosis. stress => right ventricle hypertrophy. children get tet=>blue, rapid breathing, pass out. |
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Term
| AV septal defects signs and symptoms |
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Definition
| diagnose echocardiography cardia catheterization. account 5% congentical heart. may be complete or partial; 30% patients with complete have Down Syndrome |
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Term
| AV Septal Defects Treatment |
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Definition
| . should be corrected before age 1. |
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Term
| Treatment of Transposition of Great Arteries |
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Definition
| surgery in the first couple of weeks of life. |
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