Term
| Neural Tube formation initiation time |
|
Definition
| begins in week 3 and is completed in week 4 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| indueces formation of the vertebral bodies, and forms the nucleus pulposus of each intervertebral disc. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| during week 3 it develops as the neural plate consisting of neuroectoderm which becomes the neural tube and eventually brain and spinal cord. |
|
|
Term
| What does the PNS form from? |
|
Definition
| Neural Crest Cells, neural tube, and mesoderm. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| give rise to peripheral ganglia, schwann cells, and afferent dorsal root cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| gives rise to all preganglionic autonomic fibers and all fibers that innervate skeletal muscles. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| gives rise to the dura mater and to connective tissue investments of peripheral nerve fibers (endoneurium, perineurium, and epineurium) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Neural groove becomes neural tube: which proceeds from cranial to caudal end. Caudal spinal cord. Cranial becomes brain. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| closes on day 24 and becomes the lamina terminalis. failure to close results in anencephaly r meningoencephalocele. |
|
|
Term
| What chemical assists in the closure of both neuropores |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| failure of vertebral arches to form or fuse. usually in lumbar or sacral vertebrae leading to meningocele or meningomyelocele. |
|
|
Term
| What form of Spina Bifida has no protrusion of meninges or spinal cord tissue? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| in conception and during pregnancy decreases the risk of spina bifida. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| this is a mild form of spina bifida. no opening on the back but outer part are not completely closed. split is so small that spinal cord does not protrude. skin at site of lesion may be normal or may have some hairs growing from it. may be dimple or birthmark. incontinence, slight ambulatory problems, slight loss of sensation. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| least common form of Spina Bifida. outer part of some the vertrae are split and the meninges are damaged and pushed out through the opening, appearing as a sac or cyst. contains both meninges and cerebrospinal fluid. |
|
|
Term
| Spina Bifida Cystica (myelomeningocele) |
|
Definition
| meningeal membranes and part of spinal cord protrude through cleft forming sac or cyst. opening is surgically repaired. spinal cord damaged at that level. some degree of paralysis and loss of sensation below. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| population of cells from the top of the neural fold, migrates extensively, forms melanocytes, peripheral ganglia, medulla of adrenal gland, meninges. |
|
|
Term
| Hirchsprung's Disease (congenital megacolon) |
|
Definition
| deficiency in Meissaner's submucosal plexus and myenteric plexus of Auerbach (failure of migration of the neural crest cells to the myenteric plexus). Down syndrome, chagas disease. Bowel dilated proximal to the defect, inability of perstalsis to push the stool beyond the aganglionic segment. Fecal retention, and abdominal distention. |
|
|
Term
| What symptoms does Hirschsprung's disease usually present with? |
|
Definition
| Fecal retention and abdominal distention. Functional, not anatomical obstruction. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Localized thickenings of surface ectoderm. give rise to cells that migrate into underlying mesoderm and develop into sensory receptive organs of cranial nerves (CNI and CNVII) and the lens of the eye. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is induced by optic vesicles, gives rise to the lens |
|
|
Term
| Nasal (olfactory placodes) |
|
Definition
| gives rise to olfactory nerve and bulbs. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| gives rise to otic vesicle whicvh forms the utricle, semicircular ducts, vestibular ganglion, saccule, cochlear duct, spiral ganglion and CNVIII |
|
|
Term
| Cells of neural tube wall |
|
Definition
| Neuroblasts: form CNS neurons. Glioblasts:form the supporting cells of the CNS, mainly after neuroblast formation. These are astroglia, radial glial cell, ependymocytes and microglial cells. |
|
|
Term
| Spinal cord early neural tube wall Ventricular zone |
|
Definition
| Ventricular zone:gives rise to ependymal cells lining the central canal, migrate into intermediate layer, give rise to all spinal cord neurons and glial cells. |
|
|
Term
| Spinal cord layer of early neural tube wall Intermediate Zone |
|
Definition
| consists of gray matter neurons and glial and contains the developing alar and basal plates |
|
|
Term
| Spinal Cord layers of early neural tube wall Marginal Zone |
|
Definition
| forms white matter of the spinal cord, contains neuronal axons & glial processes |
|
|
Term
| Brain Layers of the early neural tube wall Ventricular Zone |
|
Definition
| gives rise to a layer of ependymal cells, lining the ventricles. Gives rise to all neurons and glial cells of the brain. |
|
|
Term
| Brain Layers of early neural tube wall Intermediate Zone (Mantel Layer) |
|
Definition
| Gives rise to cerebral cortex and basal ganglia |
|
|
Term
| Brain Layers of Early Neural tube wall Cortex |
|
Definition
| is the gray matter of the cerebral hemispheres |
|
|
Term
| What day of development does the spinal cord begin development |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What kinds of neurons are in the ventral columns |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What vertebra are involved in the intermediate columsn for autonomic system? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is teh dorsolateral thickening of the intermediate zone gives rise to sensory neuroblasts, becomes dorsal horn of the spinal cord. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is a ventrolateral thickening of the intermediate zone gives rise to motor neuroblasts of ventral and lateral horns, becomes ventral horn of the spinal cord. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is a longitudinal groove in the lateral wall of NT (W4) disappears in adult cord but is retained in the rhomboid fossa. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| becomes sacral & coccygeal segments of spinal cord. |
|
|
