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Embryology Lecture 12
Embryology Lecture 12
38
Science
Undergraduate 4
03/15/2009

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Term
Neural Tube formation initiation time
Definition
begins in week 3 and is completed in week 4
Term
Notochord tube function
Definition
indueces formation of the vertebral bodies, and forms the nucleus pulposus of each intervertebral disc.
Term
What forms the CNS?
Definition
during week 3 it develops as the neural plate consisting of neuroectoderm which becomes the neural tube and eventually brain and spinal cord.
Term
What does the PNS form from?
Definition
Neural Crest Cells, neural tube, and mesoderm.
Term
Neural Crest Cells
Definition
give rise to peripheral ganglia, schwann cells, and afferent dorsal root cells
Term
Neural Tube
Definition
gives rise to all preganglionic autonomic fibers and all fibers that innervate skeletal muscles.
Term
Mesoderm
Definition
gives rise to the dura mater and to connective tissue investments of peripheral nerve fibers (endoneurium, perineurium, and epineurium)
Term
Neurulation
Definition
Neural groove becomes neural tube: which proceeds from cranial to caudal end. Caudal spinal cord. Cranial becomes brain.
Term
Cranial Neuropore
Definition
closes on day 24 and becomes the lamina terminalis. failure to close results in anencephaly r meningoencephalocele.
Term
What chemical assists in the closure of both neuropores
Definition
Folic Acid
Term
Spina Bifida
Definition
failure of vertebral arches to form or fuse. usually in lumbar or sacral vertebrae leading to meningocele or meningomyelocele.
Term
What form of Spina Bifida has no protrusion of meninges or spinal cord tissue?
Definition
Spina Bifida Occulta
Term
Folic Acid substitution
Definition
in conception and during pregnancy decreases the risk of spina bifida.
Term
Spina Bifida Occulta
Definition
this is a mild form of spina bifida. no opening on the back but outer part are not completely closed. split is so small that spinal cord does not protrude. skin at site of lesion may be normal or may have some hairs growing from it. may be dimple or birthmark. incontinence, slight ambulatory problems, slight loss of sensation.
Term
Meningocele
Definition
least common form of Spina Bifida. outer part of some the vertrae are split and the meninges are damaged and pushed out through the opening, appearing as a sac or cyst. contains both meninges and cerebrospinal fluid.
Term
Spina Bifida Cystica (myelomeningocele)
Definition
meningeal membranes and part of spinal cord protrude through cleft forming sac or cyst. opening is surgically repaired. spinal cord damaged at that level. some degree of paralysis and loss of sensation below.
Term
Neural Crest
Definition
population of cells from the top of the neural fold, migrates extensively, forms melanocytes, peripheral ganglia, medulla of adrenal gland, meninges.
Term
Hirchsprung's Disease (congenital megacolon)
Definition
deficiency in Meissaner's submucosal plexus and myenteric plexus of Auerbach (failure of migration of the neural crest cells to the myenteric plexus). Down syndrome, chagas disease. Bowel dilated proximal to the defect, inability of perstalsis to push the stool beyond the aganglionic segment. Fecal retention, and abdominal distention.
Term
What symptoms does Hirschsprung's disease usually present with?
Definition
Fecal retention and abdominal distention. Functional, not anatomical obstruction.
Term
Placodes
Definition
Localized thickenings of surface ectoderm. give rise to cells that migrate into underlying mesoderm and develop into sensory receptive organs of cranial nerves (CNI and CNVII) and the lens of the eye.
Term
Lens Placode
Definition
is induced by optic vesicles, gives rise to the lens
Term
Nasal (olfactory placodes)
Definition
gives rise to olfactory nerve and bulbs.
Term
Otic Placodes
Definition
gives rise to otic vesicle whicvh forms the utricle, semicircular ducts, vestibular ganglion, saccule, cochlear duct, spiral ganglion and CNVIII
Term
Cells of neural tube wall
Definition
Neuroblasts: form CNS neurons. Glioblasts:form the supporting cells of the CNS, mainly after neuroblast formation. These are astroglia, radial glial cell, ependymocytes and microglial cells.
Term
Spinal cord early neural tube wall Ventricular zone
Definition
Ventricular zone:gives rise to ependymal cells lining the central canal, migrate into intermediate layer, give rise to all spinal cord neurons and glial cells.
Term
Spinal cord layer of early neural tube wall Intermediate Zone
Definition
consists of gray matter neurons and glial and contains the developing alar and basal plates
Term
Spinal Cord layers of early neural tube wall Marginal Zone
Definition
forms white matter of the spinal cord, contains neuronal axons & glial processes
Term
Brain Layers of the early neural tube wall Ventricular Zone
Definition
gives rise to a layer of ependymal cells, lining the ventricles. Gives rise to all neurons and glial cells of the brain.
Term
Brain Layers of early neural tube wall Intermediate Zone (Mantel Layer)
Definition
Gives rise to cerebral cortex and basal ganglia
Term
Brain Layers of Early Neural tube wall Cortex
Definition
is the gray matter of the cerebral hemispheres
Term
What day of development does the spinal cord begin development
Definition
day 28
Term
What kinds of neurons are in the ventral columns
Definition
motor neurons
Term
What vertebra are involved in the intermediate columsn for autonomic system?
Definition
T1-L2, S2-S4
Term
Alar Plate
Definition
is teh dorsolateral thickening of the intermediate zone gives rise to sensory neuroblasts, becomes dorsal horn of the spinal cord.
Term
Basal Plate
Definition
is a ventrolateral thickening of the intermediate zone gives rise to motor neuroblasts of ventral and lateral horns, becomes ventral horn of the spinal cord.
Term
Sulcus limitans
Definition
is a longitudinal groove in the lateral wall of NT (W4) disappears in adult cord but is retained in the rhomboid fossa.
Term
Caudal eminence
Definition
becomes sacral & coccygeal segments of spinal cord.
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