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Embryology Ch.17 Nervous Sys.
Embryology Ch.17 Development of the Nervous System- some overlap w/ Embry. Ch.4 and gross nervous sys.
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08/08/2011

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Term
glia
Definition
also "neuroglia"; non-neuronal supporting cells of the brain and spinal cord; have 4 main functions
Term
neural plate
Definition
thickened area of embryonic ectoderm induced by the notochord to form; --->neural tube and neural crest
Term
neural tube
Definition
structure that goes on to form the brain and spinal cord in the developing embryo
Term
neural crest
Definition
zone during neurulation that gives rise to neural crest cells--->forms PNS, ANS, other structures
Term
neurulation
Definition
formation of the neural tube at 4th week
Term
rostral neuropore
Definition
rostral opening at end of closing neural tube, closes at about day 25
Term
caudal neuropore
Definition
caudal opening at end of closing neural tube; closes at about day 28 (hopefully)
Term
central canal
Definition
small opening through neural tube, created by decrease in tube's lumen due to thickening lateral walls
Term
ventricular zone
Definition
wall of neural tube; pseudostratified, columnar neuroepithelium; gives rise to all neurons and magroglial cells
Term
marginal zone
Definition
develops on outer part of ventricular zone; becomes white matter of spinal cord as axons grow into it
Term
neuroblasts
Definition
primordial neurons
Term
glioblast
Definition
primordial supporting cell of the CNS; differentiate from neuroepithelial cells after neuroblasts; migrate; ---> astroblasts and oligodendroblasts
Term
ependyma
Definition
formerly neuroepithelial cells; line central canal; produces CSF
Term
microglia
Definition
derived from mesenchymal cells; phagocytic
Term
sulcus limitans
Definition
longitudinal groove on each side of developing spinal cord; develops due to differential thickening of walls; separates alar plate and basal plate
Term
alar plate
Definition
dorsal part of spinal cord; later assoc. w/ afferent functions
Term
basal plate
Definition
ventral part of spinal cord; later assoc. w/ efferent functions
Term
dorsal gray horns
Definition
cell bodies (afferent nuclei) that form the dorsal columns of spinal cord
Term
dorsal median septum
Definition
forms as alar plates enlarge; appear as a medial line on the dorsal side of transverse sections of spinal cord
Term
ventral horns
Definition
transverse view of cell bodies making up ventral column of spinal cord
Term
ventral roots of the spinal nerves
Definition
formed from axons the extend out of ventral horn
Term
ventral median fissure
Definition
gap between ventral horns formed by bulging on either side, continuous w/ ventral median septum
Term
spinal ganglia
Definition
derived from neural crest cells; 2 long processes (1 dendritic) that extend from group of cell bodies (ganglion) to the spinal cord (axon, dorsal roots of the spinal nerves) or to sensory endings in the body
Term
dorsal roots of the spinal nerves
Definition
bundle of processes of spinal ganglia cells that enter the spinal cord
Term
dura mater
Definition
external layer of meninges or membrane around spinal cord; forms from surrounding mesenchymal cells
Term
leptomeninges
Definition
pia mater + arachnoid mater + neural crest cells
Term
arachnoid mater
Definition
middle layer of meninges or membrane surrounding spinal cord
Term
pia mater
Definition
inner layer of meninges or membrane surrounding spinal cord
Term
subarachnoid space
Definition
space that develops between pia mate and arachnoid mater; contains CSF
Term
arachnoid trabeculae
Definition
delicate strands of connective tissue between pia and arachnoid; remnant of their connection
Term
conus medullaris
Definition
also "medullary cone"; end of the spinal cord
Term
cauda equina
Definition
sheaf of nerve roots extending inferiorially from conus medullaris
Term
filum terminale
Definition
fibrous thread of pia mater distal to conus medullaris; attaches to periosteum of coccygeal vert. 1
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