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Embryology 4
n/a
23
Dentistry
Undergraduate 3
05/15/2015

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Cards

Term
What week do pharyngeal arches appear in
Definition
Week 4
Term
In what order do pharyngeal arches form
Definition
Craniocaudal succession
Term
How are arches separated
Definition
External clefts and internal pouches
Term
What do every pharyngeal arch consist of
Definition
1. Mesenchymal core
2. External ectodermal lining
3. Internal endodermal lining
4. Arch specific cranial nerve
5. Aortic arch artery
Term
Skeletal derivatives
Definition
1st arch: maxillary/mandibular
2nd arch: stapes/styloid process/lesser horns & upper rim of hyoid/stylohyoid ligament
3rd arch: greater horn/lower rim oh hyoid
4th arch: laryngeal cartilages
6th arch: laryngeal cartilages
Term
Muscular derivatives
Definition
1st arch: MoM, mylohyoid, ant. belly digastric, tensor veli palatine, tensor tympani
2nd arch: MoFE, post. belly digastric, stylohyoid, stapedius
3rd arch: stylopharyngeus
4th arch: constrictors of pharynx, cricothyroid, levator veli palatine,
6th: intrinsic muscles of larynx
Term
Innervation derivatives
Definition
1st: mand/max trigem
2nd: facial
3rd: glossopharyngeal
4th: superior branch vagus
6th: reccurent branch vagus
Term
Artery derivatives
Definition
1st: Maxillary (1st aortic arch)
2nd: Stapedial (foetal only)
3rd: common carotid, root o' internal carotid,
4th: arch of aorta
Term
Ectodermal derivatives:
1st pharyngeal cleft
remaining 3 clefts
Definition
1st: elongated to form ear canal
2nd: obliterated by expanding 2nd arch
Term
What happens when clefts don't disappear?
Definition
Cervical cysts can occur (a.k.a. brachial cysts)
Term
What does the endoderm of the pharyngeal arches contribute to?
Definition
The mucous membranes and glands of the tongue
Term
1st arch endodermal derivative
Definition
Lateral lingual swellings fuse to form anterior 2/3rds
Term
2nd arch endodermal derivatives
Definition
no contribution - 3rd arch overgrows this
Term
3rd arch endodermal derivatives
Definition
form posterior 1/3rd
Term
4th arch endodermal derivatives
Definition
small part of posterior tongue and epiglottis
Term
What nerves supply the following tissues of the tongue:
Ant. 2/3
Post. 1/3
Posterior tongue & epiglottis
Definition
Trigem
Glossopharyngeal
Vagus
Term
What is a failre of regression of the ventral tongue surface attachment called?
Definition
ankylossia
Term
What are the derivatives of the FIRST internal pouches of the endoderm?:
Definition
1st: tympanic cavity (holds ear bones), ear drum (tympanic membrane), auditory tube (links nasopharynx to ear)
Term
What are the derivatives of the SECOND internal pouches of the endoderm?:
Definition
Palatine tonsils
Term
What are the derivatives of the THIRD internal pouches of the endoderm?:
Definition
Inferior parathyroid gland & thymus
Term
What are the derivatives of the FOURTH internal pouches of the endoderm?:
Definition
Superior parathyroid gland
Term
What is ususual about the thrid/fourth endodermal pouch derivatives
Definition
The superior/inferior parathyroid glands are the wrong way around, however they migrate into the correct position.
Term
When and where does the thyroid gland first appear
Definition
Week 4 as the endoderm proliferation in the foramen caecum
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