Term
Menstrual age duration and user
Fertilization age duration and user |
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Definition
Menstrual = 40 weeks, clinicians, obstetricians
Fertilization = 38, embryolgists |
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Term
Menstrual age periods
Fertilization periods |
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Definition
Menstrual = three equal trimesters
Early development=first 2 weeks, Embyronic period=3-8weeks, Foetal period=9 weeks |
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Term
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Definition
Genetic/environmental factors
(50% unknown, 25% multifactorial, 10% chromosomal, 8% monogenetic, 7% major environment) |
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Term
| 5 types of teratogens (environmental causes) |
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Definition
Infectious agents
Physical agents
Chemical agents
Maternal disease
Nutritional deficiencies |
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Term
Examples of:
Infectious
Physical
Chemical
Maternal Disease
Nutritional deficiencies |
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Definition
Virus
Radiation
Pharmaceutical drugs
Diabetes
Obesity |
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Term
| When are teratogens most likely to cause birth defects? |
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Definition
| Week 5, (but also weeks 3-8) |
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Term
| What do TORCH teratogens have in common? |
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Definition
| All can cross the placenta |
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Term
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Definition
Toxoplasmosis
Other
Rubella
Cytomegalovirus
HSV (baby close to female sexual organ) |
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Term
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Definition
| Shortened or absent limbs |
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Term
| Foetal Alcohol Syndrome [FAS] relationships |
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Definition
Alcohol consumption and congenital defects
Amount consumed and severity of birth defects |
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Term
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Definition
Small eye opening
Smooth philtrum
Thin upper lip
Associated w/ growth retardation and intellectual disability |
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Term
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Definition
| Germ cell w/ haploid chromosome complement (23 for humans) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Usual site of fertilization |
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Definition
| Ampulla (bend in fallopian tube) |
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Term
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Definition
| Sweep oocyte into uterine tube |
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Term
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Definition
| Sperm undergo maturation process in female reproductive tract |
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Term
| Ability of capacitated sperm |
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Definition
| pass through corona radiata |
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Term
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Definition
| Sperm bind to zona pellucida and acrosome enzymes break down zone pellucida |
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Term
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Definition
| After fertilization, cell undergoes series of cell divisions. |
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Term
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Definition
| Zygote does not grown, cells (blastomeres) get smaller |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
Inner masss =
Outer cell mass = |
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Definition
Form embryo proper - Embryoblast
Form placenta - Trophoblast |
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Term
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Definition
| Morula develops fluid filled cavity and transforms into blastocyst. |
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Term
| What happens to the blastocyst after 5-6 days |
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Definition
| It enters the uterine cavity, hatches and shed the zona pellucida |
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Term
| What does the zona pellucida prevent |
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Definition
| Implantation into the uterus membrane |
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Term
| Function of throphoblast cells at implantation |
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Definition
| Merge w/ membrane of unterus, form continuous membrane and secrete immune suppressing hormones |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What do cells differentiate into during week 2? |
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Definition
| The epiblast or hypoblast. This creates a distinct layer between inner cell mass of the blastocyst |
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Term
| How is full implantation achieved |
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Definition
| A coagulation plug is formed in the uterus membrane. Maternal capillaries near the blastocyst will eventualy supply it. |
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Term
| What does the blastocyst rely on for the first 2 weeks? |
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Definition
| Diffusion from uterine glands |
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Term
| How is pregnancy testing made possible? |
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Definition
| Syncytiotrophoblast (outer syncitial [multinucleated mass of cytoplasm which is not separated into individual cells] layer of the trophoblast that actively invades the uterine wall forming the outermost foetal component of the placenta) secretes hCG hormone |
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Term
| Abnormal implantation sites |
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Definition
Ampulla
Fallopian tube
Cervix |
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