Term
| Through what process do citizens develop values, attitudes, beliefs, and opinions about the political system? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Attributed states have this when they have ultimate power over territory |
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Term
| How did Harold Lasswell define Politics? |
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Definition
| Who gets What, When, and How |
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Term
| List the original social contract theorists. |
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Definition
Thomas Hobbes- Authoritarian
John Locke- Republican
Jean-Jacques Rousseau- Direct Democracy |
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Term
| How do behavioralists differ from traditionalists? |
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Definition
| They focus on the empirical behavior of political actors, rather than normative traits. |
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Term
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Definition
| data driven, observes behavior, w/o strong commitment to values |
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Term
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Definition
| focus on whether gov’t or political institutions are behaving how they”ought to behave”; strong commitment to values |
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Term
| What approach to political science sees to combine elements of traditional and behavioral approaches? |
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Definition
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Term
| What did sophists view as the most important unit of analysis? |
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Definition
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Term
| According to Karl Popper, how does science progress? |
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Definition
| By understanding what is false, we can understand what is true |
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Term
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Definition
| what distinguishes scientific from the unscientific is refutability of the hypothesis. |
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Term
| Principle of falsifiability |
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Definition
| science can only approach truth by showing what is not true. |
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Term
| According to Thomas S. Kuhn, what is the paradigm and how is it related to scientific research? |
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Definition
| A paradigm is a set of shared understandings that allows a discipline to be organized |
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Term
| Explain the role of Power in the study of political science. What is the difference between hard and soft power? |
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Definition
Power- The ability to force other actors to do things they would not otherwise do.
Forms of power= Rewards, punishment, and persuasion
Hard Power- Military and Economic force
Soft Power- Diplomatic and Cultural Persuasion |
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Term
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Definition
| Diplomatic and Cultural Persuasion |
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Term
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Definition
| Military and Economic force |
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Term
| Explain the differences between the terms, states, and nations. |
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Definition
Nation- A group of people who feel bound into a single body by shared culture or values.
State- a government structure, usually sovereign and powerful enough to provide security, extract revenues, and allocate resources within its jurisdictional boundaries. |
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Term
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Definition
| A group of people who feel bound into a single body by shared culture or values. |
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Term
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Definition
| a government structure, usually sovereign and powerful enough to provide security, extract revenues, and allocate resources within its jurisdictional boundaries. |
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Term
| Explain Plato’s Allegory of the Cave |
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Definition
A model where you go through time and have an understanding of your life and how important it is to understand your reality and how it can affect your leadership/the government
The Cave represents the world of appearances and the sun represents “the good,” or the perfect understanding of everything in the world of appearances and the intelligible world. Most citizens confuse shadows for reality. *Three levels of knowledge=1) imagining (lowest), 2) belief, and 3)Knowledge (advanced understanding). Only those with highest form of knowledge should rule. |
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Term
| List and define Aristotle’s forms of the state |
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Definition
Government by one--Monarchy (just) or Tyrant (unjust)
Government by few--Aristocracy (just) or Oligarch (unjust)
Government by many--Polity (just) or democracy (unjust) |
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Term
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Definition
| Monarchy (just) or Tyrant (unjust) |
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Term
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Definition
| Aristocracy (just) or Oligarch (unjust) |
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Term
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Definition
| Polity (just) or democracy (unjust) |
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Term
| What did Confucius, Kautilya, and Machiavelli each have to say about how rulers should rule? |
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Definition
Kautilya- Rulers should exercise self control, cultivate the intellect, be informed, and practice non violence
Confucius- Rulers should learn self discipline and govern by example (virtue)
Machiavelli- Grab what you can get., the end justifies the means:; do whatever it takes to gain and keep power |
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Term
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Definition
| Rulers should exercise self control, cultivate the intellect, be informed, and practice non violence |
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Term
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Definition
| Rulers should learn self discipline and govern by example (virtue) |
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Term
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Definition
| Grab what you can get., the end justifies the means:; do whatever it takes to gain and keep power |
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Term
| What political ideology did Adam Smith advocate? |
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Definition
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Term
| What was china’s Great Leap Forward? |
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Definition
| A program of economic modernization that sought to transform China from an agricultural economy to a manufacturing economy. |
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Term
| How do parliamentary systems change leaders? |
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Definition
| The prime minister is the head of the majority party in parliament; the prime minister can be replaced by a vote of “no confidence”. If the majority party changes so does the prime minister; a coalition of minority parties can form a majority and elect a new prime minister. |
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Term
| Who is the American scholar who began the first formal study of political science at the university level? |
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Definition
| John W. Burgess @ columbia University |
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Term
| Distinguish between a line and a staff function |
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Definition
Line- a functioning agency, such as the DMV; works directly with public.
Staff- an agency that manages logistics for other agencie; supports line agencie |
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Term
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Definition
| a functioning agency, such as the DMV; works directly with public. |
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Term
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Definition
| an agency that manages logistics for other agencie; supports line agencie |
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Term
| Distinguish between two of the major bureaucratic dysfunctions, red tape, and goal displacement |
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Definition
Red tape- excessive use of rules
Goal displacement- Forget why you have rules in the first place |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Forget why you have rules in the first place |
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Term
| Explain the difference between primary and secondary sources. |
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Definition
Primary- a source from the time period in question
Secondary- a source from a later period, which describes the period in question. |
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Term
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Definition
| a source from the time period in question |
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Term
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Definition
| a source from a later period, which describes the period in question. |
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Term
| How was the court system in the United States created? |
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Definition
| Article 3 of the U.S. constitution |
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Term
| -How did the Supreme Court acquire the power of judicial review? |
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Definition
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Term
| List some examples of judicial activism from both the liberal and conservative sides. |
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Definition
Liberal- Roe v Wade
Conservative- U.S. v. Lopez |
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Term
| List and briefly describe the major subfields of political science |
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Definition
Political Theory and Philosophy
Political Research and Methodology
Comparative Politics and Area Studies |
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Term
| In the United States, how did the provisions of the Bill of Rights begin to be applied to the states? |
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Definition
| Selective Incorporation- Parts of the BIll of Rights may be applied to states if they are of “fundamental value” to liberty |
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Term
| What was the role played by proxy states during the Cold War |
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Definition
Proxy state: a state that is under some indirect control of another country. It is not a colony per se, but an ally due to economic or military reasons. For example, if a country during times of war gains military or
financial assistance, they can be considered to be a proxy state. During the Cold War it was very common for the U.S. to financially / militarily support countries that were opposed to the Soviet Union.
The whims of the two superpowers perpetuated strict adherence to policy choices. |
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Term
| Name the belief that the greatest good for the greatest number of people is most justifiable as a course of action. |
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Definition
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Term
| What indicator is often used by political scientists to determine the political stability of democracies? |
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Definition
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Term
| List the names of the legislative bodies for the world’s major powers? |
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Definition
Parliamentary- See Above
Presidential- The president and congress are elected separately
Unicameral- one chamber
Bicameral- two chambers
Diet- Japan |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What did Hobbes use as his metaphor for a strong, centralized government? |
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Definition
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Term
Describe the dual-policy approach to revitalize soviet communism under the leadership of
Mikhail Gorbachev. |
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Definition
Glasnost- A policy of political openness and freedom of information
Perestroika- A policy of economic liberalization |
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Term
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Definition
| A policy of political openness and freedom of information |
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Term
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Definition
| A policy of economic liberalization |
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Term
| In the Study of international relations, contrast the worldviews of idealism and realism |
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Definition
Idealism- nations are predisposed toward peace. War and conflict is created by artificial antagonisms.
Realism- States are driven by the need to accumulate power because of the anarchic nature of the international system. |
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Term
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Definition
| nations are predisposed toward peace. War and conflict is created by artificial antagonisms. |
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Term
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Definition
| States are driven by the need to accumulate power because of the anarchic nature of the international system. |
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Term
| How do electoral systems influence the number of political parties? |
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Definition
Winner-take-all: Allows two or three political parties to dominate
non-winner-take-all: Allows many small parties to hold small amounts of political power |
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Term
| List the main characteristics of both authoritarian and democratic regimes |
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Definition
Democratic- Limits power of government. secures individual rights, holds fair and free elections, free political parties, relies on a “Civil Society”
Authoritarian- Leaders are primary source of law, Transition of power is not based on elections, limits on expression, lack of political representation. |
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Term
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Definition
| Limits power of government. secures individual rights, holds fair and free elections, free political parties, relies on a “Civil Society” |
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Term
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Definition
| Leaders are primary source of law, Transition of power is not based on elections, limits on expression, lack of political representation. |
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Term
| Explain the importance of a civil society for modern democracies |
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Definition
| Individuals and organizations participate in collective action; Norms of shared interests, purposes, and values |
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