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| The path of a moving point. An element of art that is used to define space, contours, and outlines or suggest mass or volume. It may be a continuous mark made on a surface with a pointed tool or implied by the edges of shapes and forms. |
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| 2-D: the area enclosed by an outline. An element of art that refers to enclosed space defined by other art elements such as line, color and texture. |
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| 3-D: height, width, and depth. An element of art that appears 3-D and encloses volume such as a cube, sphers, pyramid or cylinder. |
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| Organizes elements in a composition. An element of art that indicates areas between, around, above, below, or within something. In pictures, positive shapes are the figures and negative shapes make up the ground. |
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| Differences in a hue or neutral ranging from the lightest to darkest, for example, white to black. An element of art concerned with the degree of lightness of colors. Darker colors are lower in value. |
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| An art element with three properties: hue, value and intensity. Also, the character of surfaces created by the response of vision to wavelengths of reflected light. |
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| The surface quality of an artwork usually perceived through the sense of touch. However, texture can also be implied, perceived visually though not felt through touch. Texture can be simulated/invented (painted or drawn) or real which can be felt. |
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| A principle of design related to the sense of wholeness that results from the successful combination of component elements of an artwork. |
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| A principle of design concerned with the inclusion of differences in the elements of a composition to offset unity and add interest to an artwork. Consists of differences in scale, surface, line, value, and shape that give interest to a composition. |
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| A principle of design in which one element, or a combination of elements, create more attention than anything else in a composition. The dominant element is usually a focal point in a composition and contributes to unity by suggesting that other elements are subordinate to it. |
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| A principle of design that refers to ways of combining elements to produce the appearance of movement in an artwork. It may be achieved through repetition, alternation or progression of an element. |
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| A principle of design associated with rhythm, referring to the arrangement of parts in an artwork to create a sense of motion to the viewer's eye through the work. |
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| A principle of design referring to the arrangement of visual elements to create stability in an artwork. There are four balance arrangements in art: asymmetrical, symmetrical, approximately symmetrical, and radial. |
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| A principle of design that refers to the repetition of elements or combinations of elements in a recognizeable organization. |
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| A principle of art that refers to the size relationships between parts of an artwork. |
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Chinese Horse
Cave Painting
Lascaux Caves, Dordogne, France
c. 15,000-10,000 B.C. |
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Stonehenge
Wiltshire, England
c. 200 B.C. |
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