Term
| What is energy that travels through space as waves? |
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Definition
| Electromagnetic Radiation |
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Term
| The two most common units for describing waves. |
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Definition
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Term
| Energy of a Wave equation |
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Definition
| Energy = constant * frequency (Hz) |
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Term
| Frequency is (directly/inversely) proportional to wavelength |
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Definition
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Term
| As wavelength gets shorter, energy (increases/decreases) |
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Definition
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Term
The sun is able to give off all frequencies in the electromagnetic chart. But, on earth’s surface much of this
spectrum is filtered through our __________. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
– ~100 to 280 nm
– invisible to the human eye
– Due to absorption by the atmosphere, very
little of this very high energy radiation
reaches the Earth's surface
– This spectrum of radiation is used in
germicidal lamps
– Higher energy is DNA damaging |
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Term
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Definition
– ~280 to 315 nm
– also greatly absorbed by the atmosphere
– responsible for the production of the ozone
layer |
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Term
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Definition
- 315 to 400 nm.
– Traditionally less damaging to the DNA
– used in tanning and therapy for psoriasis |
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Term
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Definition
~400 to 700 nm.
– this range that is visible to the naked eye |
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Term
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Definition
– ~700 nm to 106
nm
– divided into three types on the basis of
wavelength:
– Lots of uses in chemistry and biology |
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Term
| Short wavelengths (high frequency) energy/radiation is absorbed by the body and MAY cause unwanted and harmful chemical changes. An example of this might be: |
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Definition
| X-rays can ionize (make ions) body chemicals including altering DNA |
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Term
| ________ radiation absorbed into body may cause harmful local heating of tissues |
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Definition
Non-ionizing (lower
energy) |
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Term
Intensity of radiation rapidly decreases with distance from
the source. This is known as the _____-_____ law |
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Definition
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Term
| According to the inverse-square law, if, at a distance 1 the intensity is equal to 1, what is the intensity at a distance of 2? 3? |
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Definition
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Term
| Radiation Intensity is directly related to____ of exposure |
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Definition
time. Total time in the direct sun is related to amount of
skin damage |
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Term
| Much of intensity of radiation exposure can be blocked. Give an example how. |
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Definition
| Clothing to block much of radiation reaching the skin |
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Term
| Radiation absorbed by water, heats surface of skin [Therapy] |
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Definition
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Term
Detects diseased tissues since they emit MORE infrared radiation
[Therapy] |
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Definition
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Term
Uses flexible fiber optics
and tiny cameras to directly
look inside our bodies [Therapy] |
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Definition
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Term
A small target area and
narrow beam is high enough
energy to cut out or destroy
diseased tissue [Therapy] |
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Definition
| Visible light Laser surgery |
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Term
| Germicidal lamps [Therapy] |
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Definition
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Term
Assist treatment of diseases
like Jaundice [Therapy] |
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Definition
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Term
| Common isotopes used in medical applications (3) |
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Definition
| – Carbon-14 — Phosphorous-32 —Cobalt-60 |
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Term
Common products of radioactive decay of isotopes
– _____ particles
• Very low energy
• Stopped by paper or skin |
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Definition
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Term
Common products of radioactive decay of isotopes
– _____ particles
• Low energy
• Can penetrate ~1cm of body tissue
• Stopped by thin metal sheet |
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Definition
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|
Term
Common products of radioactive decay of isotopes
– _____ particles
• High energy
• Can pass all the way through a body
• Stopped by several cm of LEAD sheeting, minimized by lead aprons |
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Definition
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|
Term
Common products of radioactive decay of isotopes
_-____
• Similar to gamma rays but less penetrating of tissue |
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Definition
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Term
Dose Effect Relationship for Ionizing
Radiation:
5 sieverts or greater: |
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Definition
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Term
Dose Effect Relationship for Ionizing
Radiation:
2-5 Sieverts |
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Definition
| Hemorrhaging, ulcers, pain, death |
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Term
Dose Effect Relationship for Ionizing
Radiation:
1-2 Sieverts |
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Definition
| Vomiting (radiation sickness), hair loss |
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Term
| 1 gray x biological effectiveness = |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| With radiation dosing for cancer treatments, Larger tumors require _____ doses |
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Definition
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Term
Therapeutic Radiation Use:
– Can measure metabolic activity of cells
– Ex: Follows chemicals in brain to investigate
Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, Huntington’s and Down’s
Syndrome |
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Definition
| PET Scan (Positron Emission Tomography) |
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Term
Therapeutic Radiation Use
- Oldest and most familiar radiation use in medicine
– more recently used for soft tissue analysis with low
doses and high-tech imaging software |
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Definition
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Term
Therapeutic Radiation Use
- uses x-rays
- gets 2-D “SLICES” pictures of
cross sections of human body |
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Definition
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Term
Therapeutic Radiation Use
– Physically looks like a CT scanner but uses
MAGNETIC field radiation (pseudo-radio
waves) to pick up body picture from H
atoms on body chemicals |
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Definition
| MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) |
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Term
Therapeutic Radiation Use
– Uses high frequency sound waves to
gather images (sonar waves)
– Purpose is to detect boundaries between
tissues |
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Definition
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