Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Electrolytes
notes from qbank
15
Medical
Graduate
06/05/2012

Additional Medical Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
What states have a metabolic acidosis with a high anion gap and a high osmolar gap?
Definition
acute methanol, ethanol, or ethylene glycol poisoing.
Term
When are rectangular, envelope shaped crystals observed in the urine?
Definition
These are consistent with calcium oxalate crystals, which are classically seen in pts with ethylene glycol poisoining.
Term
3 electrolyte abnormalities seen in chronic alcoholism:
Definition
hypomagnesemia
hypokalemia
hypohposphatemia
Term
Why does hypokalemia go along with hypomagnesemia?
Definition
Mg is an important cofactor for potassium uptake and maintenance of intracellular potassium levels.
Term
First steps in the treatment of hypercalcemia:
Definition
1. Fluids -- This increases renal excretion of calcium by decreasing calcium reabsorption in the proximal tubule.

2. Loop diuretics -- these inhibit calcium reabsorption in the loop of Henle. Giving furosemide before fluid resuscitation will worsen the dehydration as well as the hypercalcemia.
Term
persistent diarrhea causes:
Definition
A non-anion gap metabolic acidosis. (You poop out all your bicarb)
Term
Agents used to shift potassium intracellularly:
Definition
insulin, glucose, sodium bicarbonate, beta 2 agonists like albuterol.
Term
What is metabolic acidosis resulting from acute kidney failure resulting from?
Definition
the kidneys' failure to excrete acids generated during normal protein metabolism, namely inorganic phosphates and sulfates.
Term
What is contraction alkalosis?
Definition
When a person is volume depleted, the RAAS system is activated, and H+ and K+ are dumped in order to retain sodium. This H+ dumping leads to a metabolic alkalosis.
Term
Acid base disturbance that is normal in pregnancy:
Definition
Chronic compensated respiratory alkalosis. Progesterone stimulates the medullary respiratory center.
Term
Acid base disturbance in an aldosterone deficiency:
Definition
normal anion gap hyperkalemic hyponatremic metabolic acidosis. Since there is no aldo to dump H+ and save sodium, there is a metabolic acidosis.
Term
What is the earliest symptom of hyperkalemia?
Definition
weakness
Term
What is sodium polystyrene sulfonate?
Definition
A K+ binding resin (kayexalate)
Term
Increased serum calcium and increased/normal PTH. What is in your differential?
Definition
1. Primary hyperparathyroidism
2. Familial hypocalciuric hypercalmemia

To differentiate between these look a the urinary calcium excretion. It will be nil/low in FHH, and high in primary hyperparathyroid.
Term
Formula to correct calcium for low albumin:
Definition
delta alb*0.8 + serum Ca = corrected Ca

normal alb = 4
Supporting users have an ad free experience!