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electrolytes
eletrolytes
35
Medical
Not Applicable
03/12/2005

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Term
intracellular fluid
extracellular fluid
Definition
fluid inside the cells
fluid outside the cells
Term
transcellular
Definition
CSF, pleural cavity, lymph system
joints and eyes.
Term
interstitial fluid
Definition
surrounds the cells
Term
interstitial fluid
Definition
surrounds the cells
Term
isotonic solution
Definition
same solute concentration as another solution
Term
active transport
Definition
energy from molecule adenosine triphosphate moves solutes from
lower to higher concentration
Term
diffusion
Definition
solutes move from higher
to lower concentration until
amounts are equal
Term
osmosis
Definition
fluids move from higher to lower
levels = same level.
osmosis= fluids move
diffusion=solutes move
Term
albumin
Definition
lrg protein molecule, acts like a magnet to attract water and hold it
inside blood vessel
Term
ADH antidiuretic hormone
Definition
reduces diuresis
increases urine retention
restores blood volume
Term
renin
Definition
causes vasoconstriction=
> bp or increase in bp
Term
s/s of dehydration
in the elderly
Definition
confusion
subnormal temperature
tachycardia
pinched facial expression
Term
anion
cation
Definition
negative charged electrolyte
positive charged electrolyte
Term
acid-base balance
Definition
most H+ ions interact
w/ electr to establish balance
Term
extracellular elctrolytes
Definition
Na & Cl
also
Ca+ and bicarbonate HCO3
Term
intracellular electrolytes
Definition
K+/Phosphate/Mg+ most abundant
Term
Na+
Definition
helps nerve cells and muscle
cells interact
Term
electrolytes are measure where?
Definition
only in the bloodstream
Term
factors effecting electro balance
Definition
fluid I/O
acid-base balance
hormone secretion
normal cell function
Term
filtration occurs wherre?
Definition
in the nephron. its the process of removing particles from a solution by allowing the liquid portion to pass through membrane.
Term
Name the three major electrolyte
regulatory systems
Definition
chemical buffers
respiratory
kidneys
Term
normal pH, PaCO2, HCO3, PaO2, SaO2
Definition
7.35 - 7.45
35 to 45 mm Hg
22 to 26 mEq/L
80 to 100 mm Hg
%95 to %100
Term
normal sodium level
Definition
135 to 145 mEq/L
Term
who is at risk for dehydration
Definition
infants
Term
how is dehydration treated
Definition
D5W / low sodium fluids
give fluids gradually over a period
of time to reduce risk of hyprevolemia
Term
s/s of dehydration
Definition
irratabilty / confusion / dizzyness /
weakness / poor skin turgor / tenting.
Term
s/s of dehydration
Definition
irratabilty / confusion / dizzyness /
weakness / poor skin turgor / tenting.
Term
cause of hypovolemia
Definition
laxative use / overuse of diurectic therapy / fever / hemorrhage / vomiting and diarrhea
Term
hypovolemia ...s/s
Definition
high serum sodium > 145 mEq/L
elevated BUN
increase urine specific gravity
Term
treat hypovolemia
Definition
fast infusion of normal saline / lactated ringer's solution followed by plasma proteins like albumin
Term
hypovolemia...teach?
Definition
stand / or raise slowly from bed to reduce risk of orthostatic hypotension....change positions slowly
Term
s/s of hypervolemia
Definition
distended neck veins / in hands and neck and crackles upon auscultation / S3 heart sounds when ventricles are overloaded
Term
foods high in sodium
Definition
cheese / ketschup / seafood / processed meats / canned soups and vegatables
Term
normal specific gravity / urine
Definition
1.010 to 1.025 sp. gr.
Term
hyponatremia....s/s
Definition
abdominal cramps
altered LOC , lethargy & confusion
H/A , muscle twitching, nausea
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